Electrochemical Polymerisation of Glutamic Acid on the Surface of Graphene Paste Electrode for the Detection and Quantification of Rutin in Food and Medicinal Samples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Instrumentation
2.3. Fabrication of Working Electrodes
2.4. Preparation of RU Containing Real Sample Solutions
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. FE-SEM Characterisation of BGPE and PGAMGPE
3.2. Electrochemical Impedance Studies and Electroactive Surface Area Calculation
3.3. Electrochemical Deposition of PGA Film on the Surface of the BGPE
3.4. Influence of Supporting Electrolyte
3.5. Optimisation of Accumulation Potential and Time
3.6. Electrochemical Sensing of RU at the PGAMGPE
3.7. Potential Scan Rate Effect
3.8. Analysing Capability of PGAMGPE towards RU
3.9. Simultaneous Analysis of RU and CF
3.10. Interference Analysis
3.11. Assessment of Stability, Reproducibility, and Repeatability
3.12. Analytical Application of PGAMGPE
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Technique | Electrode | Linear Range (µM) | LOD (µM) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
SWV a | CPE b | 1–100 | 0.850 | [32] |
SWV | α-C16-GCE-MWCNT c | 2–8 | 0.604 | [33] |
DPV | Mg-Al-Si-PC-GCE d | 1–10 | 0.01 | [34] |
DPV | MWCNTs-IL-gel-GCE e | 0.04–100 | 0.01 | [35] |
DPV | Co-ZIF-C-GCE f | 0.1–30 | 0.022 | [36] |
DPV | CB-WO3-SPCE g | 0.01–75.46 | 0.002 | [37] |
CV | SPE h | 2.0–15 | 0.1 | [38] |
CV | CMB-GNPs-CBCPE i | 0.1–8 | 0.023 | [39] |
HPLC-UV | / | 16.3–98.27 | 3.0 | [40] |
CV | PGAMGPE | 0.1–100 | 0.06 | Present |
DPV | PGAMGPE | 0.1–100 | 0.04 | work |
Sample | Added (µM) | Found (µM) | Recovery (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Lime Juice | 0.5 | 0.48 | 96.83 |
1.0 | 0.97 | 97.67 | |
2.0 | 1.90 | 95.00 | |
3.0 | 2.83 | 97.88 | |
Green Tea | 2.0 | 1.89 | 94.64 |
3.0 | 2.91 | 97.13 | |
4.0 | 4.10 | 102.68 | |
5.0 | 4.95 | 99.04 | |
RU Tablet | 1.0 | 0.99 | 99.89 |
2.0 | 2.06 | 100.31 | |
3.0 | 2.95 | 98.40 | |
4.0 | 3.98 | 99.74 |
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Amrutha, B.M.; Manjunatha, J.G.; Nagarajappa, H.; Tighezza, A.M.; Albaqami, M.D.; Sillanpää, M. Electrochemical Polymerisation of Glutamic Acid on the Surface of Graphene Paste Electrode for the Detection and Quantification of Rutin in Food and Medicinal Samples. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 3113. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123113
Amrutha BM, Manjunatha JG, Nagarajappa H, Tighezza AM, Albaqami MD, Sillanpää M. Electrochemical Polymerisation of Glutamic Acid on the Surface of Graphene Paste Electrode for the Detection and Quantification of Rutin in Food and Medicinal Samples. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(12):3113. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123113
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmrutha, Balliamada M., Jamballi G. Manjunatha, Hareesha Nagarajappa, Ammar M. Tighezza, Munirah D. Albaqami, and Mika Sillanpää. 2022. "Electrochemical Polymerisation of Glutamic Acid on the Surface of Graphene Paste Electrode for the Detection and Quantification of Rutin in Food and Medicinal Samples" Diagnostics 12, no. 12: 3113. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123113