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Volume 10
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10.3390/diagnostics10040208
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Review

Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Secondary to Autoimmune Diseases: How to Recognize Them?

by
Domenico Sambataro
1,2,*,
Gianluca Sambataro
3,*,
Francesca Pignataro
4,
Giovanni Zanframundo
5,
Veronica Codullo
5,
Evelina Fagone
3,
Emanuele Martorana
3,
Francesco Ferro
6,
Martina Orlandi
7,
Nicoletta Del Papa
4,
Lorenzo Cavagna
5,
Lorenzo Malatino
2,
Michele Colaci
2 and
Carlo Vancheri
3
1
Artroreuma S.R.L., Outpatient clinic of Rheumatology associated with the National Health System Corso S. Vito 53, 95030 Catania, Italy
2
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, via Messina 829, 95100 Catania, Italy
3
Regional Referral Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, A. O. U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 68, pavillon 3 floor 1, 95123 Catania, Italy
4
Scleroderma clinic, Department of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini, 20122 Milan, Italy
5
Division of Rheumatology, Hospital IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
6
Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
7
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2020, 10(4), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10040208
Submission received: 9 March 2020 / Revised: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 / Published: 9 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical and Radiological Features of Interstitial Lung Diseases)
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Abstract

The diagnostic assessment of patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) can be challenging due to the large number of possible causes. Moreover, the diagnostic approach can be limited by the severity of the disease, which may not allow invasive exams. To overcome this issue, the referral centers for ILD organized Multidisciplinary Teams (MDTs), including physicians and experts in complementary discipline, to discuss the management of doubtful cases of ILD. MDT is currently considered the gold standard for ILD diagnosis, but it is not often simple to organize and, furthermore, rheumatologists are still not always included. In fact, even if rheumatologic conditions represent a common cause of ILD, they are sometimes difficult to recognize, considering the variegated clinical features and their association with all possible radiographic patterns of ILD. The first objective of this review is to describe the clinical, laboratory, and instrumental tests that can drive a diagnosis toward a possible rheumatic disease. The secondary objective is to propose a set of first-line tests to perform in all patients in order to recognize any possible rheumatic conditions underlying ILD.
Keywords: interstitial lung disease; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features; systemic sclerosis; myositis; antisynthetase syndrome; Raynaud’s phenomenon; Sjögren’s syndrome; nailfold videocapillaroscopy; multidisciplinary team interstitial lung disease; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features; systemic sclerosis; myositis; antisynthetase syndrome; Raynaud’s phenomenon; Sjögren’s syndrome; nailfold videocapillaroscopy; multidisciplinary team

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sambataro, D.; Sambataro, G.; Pignataro, F.; Zanframundo, G.; Codullo, V.; Fagone, E.; Martorana, E.; Ferro, F.; Orlandi, M.; Del Papa, N.; et al. Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Secondary to Autoimmune Diseases: How to Recognize Them? Diagnostics 2020, 10, 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10040208

AMA Style

Sambataro D, Sambataro G, Pignataro F, Zanframundo G, Codullo V, Fagone E, Martorana E, Ferro F, Orlandi M, Del Papa N, et al. Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Secondary to Autoimmune Diseases: How to Recognize Them? Diagnostics. 2020; 10(4):208. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10040208

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sambataro, Domenico, Gianluca Sambataro, Francesca Pignataro, Giovanni Zanframundo, Veronica Codullo, Evelina Fagone, Emanuele Martorana, Francesco Ferro, Martina Orlandi, Nicoletta Del Papa, and et al. 2020. "Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Secondary to Autoimmune Diseases: How to Recognize Them?" Diagnostics 10, no. 4: 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10040208

APA Style

Sambataro, D., Sambataro, G., Pignataro, F., Zanframundo, G., Codullo, V., Fagone, E., Martorana, E., Ferro, F., Orlandi, M., Del Papa, N., Cavagna, L., Malatino, L., Colaci, M., & Vancheri, C. (2020). Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Secondary to Autoimmune Diseases: How to Recognize Them? Diagnostics, 10(4), 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10040208

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