Effects of Two Different Training Programs on Cardiometabolic Health, Body Composition and Irisin in Middle Age Obese Males: A Pilot Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants, Training Programs and Sample’s Collection
2.2. Anthropometric, Irisin and Adiponectin Measurements
2.3. Graded Exercise Test (GRAD)
2.4. Dietary Habits
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Anthropometric Characteristics, Cardiometabolic/Fitness Parameters and Irisin of Obese Subjects Following Exercise Training
3.2. Irisin Modulation and Correlation with Fitness Parameters at the End of the Training Program
3.3. Correlations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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| All Subjects (n: 13) | p Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 | T1 | ||||||
| Body mass (kg) | 99.0 | ± | 10.8 | 94.6 | ± | 11.5 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m−2) | 32.0 | ± | 3.0 | 30.6 | ± | 3.0 | 0.001 |
| Waist (cm) | 103.0 | ± | 6.7 | 102.0 | ± | 7.8 | 0.301 |
| Hip (cm) | 109.0 | ± | 4.7 | 108.2 | ± | 5.7 | 0.480 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.95 | ± | 0.05 | 0.94 | ± | 0.04 | 0.781 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 64.1 | ± | 4.8 | 64.5 | ± | 4.8 | 0.857 |
| Fat Mass (kg) | 34.6 | ± | 7.2 | 30.1 | ± | 7.6 | 0.001 |
| Fat-free mass (%) | 65.2 | ± | 3.9 | 68.6 | ± | 4.2 | 0.001 |
| Fat Mass (%) | 35.0 | ± | 3.9 | 31.5 | ± | 4.2 | 0.001 |
| Adiponectin (mg/mL) | 22.3 | ± | 4.5 | 27.0 | ± | 2.6 | 0.001 |
| Salivary Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 17.6 | ± | 7.5 | 22.8 | ± | 10.0 | 0.005 |
| Serum Irisin (ng/mL) | 10.2 | ± | 8.0 | 11.0 | ± | 7.9 | 0.737 |
| Salivary Irisin (ng/mL) | 0.69 | (6.71) | 0.86 | (6.23) | 0.850 | ||
| All Subjects (n: 13) | p Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 | T1 | ||||||
| Maximal oxygen uptake | |||||||
| V’O2 (L min−1) | 3.89 | ± | 0.39 | 4.07 | ± | 0.44 | 0.025 |
| V’O2 (mL/kg/min) | 39.6 | ± | 4.4 | 43.3 | ± | 6.4 | 0.015 |
| HRmax (bpm) | 180.2 | ± | 7.7 | 175.4 | ± | 9.6 | 0.040 |
| RER max | 1.10 | ± | 0.06 | 1.09 | ± | 0.04 | 0.567 |
| Respiratory compensation point | |||||||
| V’O2 (L min−1) | 3.50 | ± | 0.35 | 3.62 | ± | 0.44 | 0.186 |
| V’O2 (mL/kg/min) | 35.6 | ± | 4.3 | 38.7 | ± | 6.0 | 0.008 |
| V’O2, (%max) | 89.9 | ± | 3.3 | 89.3 | ± | 5.4 | 0.743 |
| HR (bpm) | 167.2 | ± | 8.6 | 165.0 | ± | 10.2 | 0.287 |
| HR, %max | 93.0 | ± | 3.6 | 93.8 | ± | 2.6 | 0.405 |
| RER | 1.00 | ± | 0.04 | 0.99 | ± | 0.04 | 0.820 |
| Gas exchange threshold | |||||||
| V’O2 (L min−1) | 2.74 | ± | 0.46 | 3.02 | ± | 0.42 | 0.008 |
| V’O2 (mL/kg/min) | 28.2 | ± | 6.4 | 32.4 | ± | 6.0 | 0.001 |
| V’O2, %max | 70.5 | ± | 10.4 | 75.0 | ± | 8.6 | 0.107 |
| HR (bpm) | 146.5 | ± | 14.0 | 147.4 | ± | 11.6 | 0.822 |
| HR (%max) | 81.2 | ± | 6.1 | 84.1 | ± | 6.4 | 0.201 |
| RER | 0.91 | ± | 0.06 | 0.91 | ± | 0.04 | 0.175 |
| All Subjects (n: 13) | p Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 | T1 | ||||||
| Total EE (kcal/day−1) | 1662.0 | ± | 329.4 | 1722.2 | ± | 376.2 | 0.242 |
| EE from CHO (kcal/day−1) | 721.2 | ± | 282.9 | 757.1 | ± | 233.7 | 0.212 |
| EE from Fat (kcal/day−1) | 579.8 | ± | 111.6 | 580.9 | ± | 150.9 | 0.763 |
| EE from Protein (kcal/day−1) | 292.5 | ± | 63.6 | 108.2 | ± | 57.8 | 0.879 |
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D’Alleva, M.; Mallardo, M.; Giovanelli, N.; Graniero, F.; Fiori, F.; Marinoni, M.; Parpinel, M.; Mari, L.; Rejc, E.; Zaccaron, S.; et al. Effects of Two Different Training Programs on Cardiometabolic Health, Body Composition and Irisin in Middle Age Obese Males: A Pilot Study. Life 2026, 16, 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/life16040657
D’Alleva M, Mallardo M, Giovanelli N, Graniero F, Fiori F, Marinoni M, Parpinel M, Mari L, Rejc E, Zaccaron S, et al. Effects of Two Different Training Programs on Cardiometabolic Health, Body Composition and Irisin in Middle Age Obese Males: A Pilot Study. Life. 2026; 16(4):657. https://doi.org/10.3390/life16040657
Chicago/Turabian StyleD’Alleva, Mattia, Marta Mallardo, Nicola Giovanelli, Francesco Graniero, Federica Fiori, Michela Marinoni, Maria Parpinel, Lara Mari, Enrico Rejc, Simone Zaccaron, and et al. 2026. "Effects of Two Different Training Programs on Cardiometabolic Health, Body Composition and Irisin in Middle Age Obese Males: A Pilot Study" Life 16, no. 4: 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/life16040657
APA StyleD’Alleva, M., Mallardo, M., Giovanelli, N., Graniero, F., Fiori, F., Marinoni, M., Parpinel, M., Mari, L., Rejc, E., Zaccaron, S., Stafuzza, J., Lazzer, S., Daniele, A., & Nigro, E. (2026). Effects of Two Different Training Programs on Cardiometabolic Health, Body Composition and Irisin in Middle Age Obese Males: A Pilot Study. Life, 16(4), 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/life16040657

