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Article

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Patients Exhibit Increased Levels of Lipocalin-2, Endothelin-1 and NT-proBNP

by
Lidija Cvetko Krajinović
1,
Kristian Bodulić
1,
Renata Laškaj
1,
Branka Žibrat
1,
Petra Svoboda Karić
1,
Ivan-Christian Kurolt
1,
Mihaela Kordun
1,
Antea Topić
1,
Rok Čivljak
1,2,
Tomislava Skuhala
1,3 and
Alemka Markotić
1,4,5,*
1
University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
3
School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
4
Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
5
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2023, 13(11), 2189; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112189
Submission received: 26 October 2023 / Revised: 7 November 2023 / Accepted: 8 November 2023 / Published: 10 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Microbiology)
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Abstract

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute zoonotic disease caused by viruses of the Orthohantavirus genus. This syndrome is characterized by renal and cardiopulmonary implications detectable with different biomarkers. Here, we explored the role of serum and urine levels of lipocalin-2, endothelin-1 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in HFRS pathology. A total of twenty-eight patients hospitalized due to a Puumala orthohantavirus infection were included, with serum and urine samples collected on patient admission (acute phase) and discharge (convalescent phase). In comparison to healthy individuals, patients exhibited significantly higher acute-phase serum and urine levels of lipocalin-2, serum levels of endothelin-1 and serum and urine levels of NT-proBNP. Patients in the convalescent phase showed a significant decrease in urine lipocalin-2, serum endothelin-1 and serum and urine NT-proBNP levels. We recorded a strong correlation between serum levels of lipocalin-2 and endothelin-1 and urine levels of lipocalin-2 with several kidney injury markers, such as serum creatinine, urea, urine white blood cell count and proteinuria. We also demonstrated an independent correlation of serum and urine lipocalin-2 levels with acute kidney injury in HFRS. All in all, our results show an involvement of NT-proBNP, lipocalin-2 and endothelin-1 in the renal and cardiac pathology of HFRS.
Keywords: HFRS; Orthohantavirus; lipocalin-2; endothelin-1; NT-proBNP HFRS; Orthohantavirus; lipocalin-2; endothelin-1; NT-proBNP

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cvetko Krajinović, L.; Bodulić, K.; Laškaj, R.; Žibrat, B.; Svoboda Karić, P.; Kurolt, I.-C.; Kordun, M.; Topić, A.; Čivljak, R.; Skuhala, T.; et al. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Patients Exhibit Increased Levels of Lipocalin-2, Endothelin-1 and NT-proBNP. Life 2023, 13, 2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112189

AMA Style

Cvetko Krajinović L, Bodulić K, Laškaj R, Žibrat B, Svoboda Karić P, Kurolt I-C, Kordun M, Topić A, Čivljak R, Skuhala T, et al. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Patients Exhibit Increased Levels of Lipocalin-2, Endothelin-1 and NT-proBNP. Life. 2023; 13(11):2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112189

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cvetko Krajinović, Lidija, Kristian Bodulić, Renata Laškaj, Branka Žibrat, Petra Svoboda Karić, Ivan-Christian Kurolt, Mihaela Kordun, Antea Topić, Rok Čivljak, Tomislava Skuhala, and et al. 2023. "Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Patients Exhibit Increased Levels of Lipocalin-2, Endothelin-1 and NT-proBNP" Life 13, no. 11: 2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112189

APA Style

Cvetko Krajinović, L., Bodulić, K., Laškaj, R., Žibrat, B., Svoboda Karić, P., Kurolt, I.-C., Kordun, M., Topić, A., Čivljak, R., Skuhala, T., & Markotić, A. (2023). Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Patients Exhibit Increased Levels of Lipocalin-2, Endothelin-1 and NT-proBNP. Life, 13(11), 2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112189

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