Soil Mycobiome Diversity under Different Tillage Practices in the South of West Siberia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site and Conditions
2.2. Experimental Setup
2.3. Soil Sampling and Chemical Analyses
2.4. DNA Extraction, Amplification and Sequencing
2.5. Bioinformatic Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Mycobiome Taxonomic Diversity
3.2. Fungal α- and β-Biodiversity
3.3. Fungal Taxa Relationship with Soil Properties
4. Discussion
4.1. Soil Mycobiome: General Outline
4.2. Fungal OTUs, Common for the Undisturbed and Cropped Fields
4.3. Fungal Genera and OTUs Increased in the Wheat-Cropped Soils as Compared with the Undisturbed Soil
4.4. Fungal Genera and OTUs Differentially Increased in the Undisturbed Soil
4.5. The Fungal Genera with Differential Abundance between the Cropped Fields
4.6. The Mycobiome α- and β-Biodiversity
4.7. Fungal Taxa Abundance and Soil Properties
4.8. General Comments
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Undisturbed | Ploughed | No Till | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | 0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | 0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | |
Bulk density, g cm−3 soil | 1.11 | 1.23 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.19 |
Soil texture, % | ||||||
Sand (2–0.063 mm) | 34 b # | 34 b | 16 a | 15 a | 15 a | 16 a |
Silt (0.063–0.002 mm) | 41 a | 43 a | 53 b | 51 b | 52 b | 50 b |
Clay (<0.002 mm) | 25 b | 23 a | 31 bc | 34 c | 33 c | 34 c |
pH | 6.61 b | 6.65 bc | 6.67 bc | 6.82 c | 6.29 a | 6.75 bc |
EC *, µS | 239 ab | 209 a | 286 bc | 288 bc | 286 bc | 330 c |
STC, % | 4.2 b | 3.6 a | 4.0 bc | 3.8 ac | 4.1 bc | 3.8 ac |
STN, % | 0.37 c | 0.31 a | 0.35 c | 0.33 bc | 0.33 b | 0.29 a |
SOM, % | 9.7 c | 7.8 a | 8.9 b | 8.4 ab | 9.6 c | 8.9 b |
NO3−, mg N kg−1 soil | 2.0 a | 1.3 a | 3.6 b | 3.2 b | 4.6 c | 4.8 c |
Pav, mg P2O5 kg−1 soil | 15.2 b | 8.6 a | 81.5 d | 37.7 c | 77.4 d | 18.4 bc |
Prav, mg P2O5 kg−1 soil | 0.55 ab | 0.22 a | 1.74 bc | 0.39 a | 2.74 c | 0.15 a |
Kex, mg K2O kg−1 soil | 577 d | 283 a | 781 e | 494 c | 726 e | 354 ab |
Taxon | Undisturbed | Ploughed | No Till | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | 0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | 0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | |
Phylum level | ||||||
Ascomycota | 85.8 b,1 | 82.1 ab | 82.9 ab | 78.6 a | 80.4 a | 80.0 a |
Basidiomycota | 7.9 c | 6.5 bc | 4.3 ab | 5.4 abc | 3.1 a | 4.0 ab |
Zygomycota | 2.4 a | 5.0 ab | 6.3 b | 6.8 b | 10.7 c | 7.6 bc |
Mortierellomycota | 1.1 a | 3.4 b | 4.1 bc | 6.3 c | 3.4 b | 5.3 bc |
Chytridiomycota | 0.4 a | 0.4 a | 1.1 c | 0.7 b | 1.1 c | 0.7 b |
Glomeromycota | 0.8 b | 1.0 b | 0.0 a | 0.3 a | 0.1 a | 0.9 b |
un. 3 Fungi | 0.9 ab | 1.2 b | 0.9 ab | 1.2 b | 0.7 a | 0.9 ab |
Class level | ||||||
Sordariomycetes | 15.6 a | 15.2 a | 51.2 b | 46.0 b | 43.6 b | 41.4 b |
Dothideomycetes | 30.2 b | 18.3 a | 18.7 a | 15.3 a | 16.8 a | 17.1 a |
Eurotiomycetes | 19.1 c | 25.7 d | 5.3 a | 11.4 b | 11.1 b | 14.4 bc |
Agaricomycetes | 4.6 b | 5.2 b | 3.3 ab | 3.9 b | 1.3 a | 2.3 ab |
Leotiomycetes | 5.6 | 8.1 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 6.7 | 5.8 |
Mucoromycotina_is 2 | 2.4 a | 4.6 a | 6.2 b | 6.2 bc | 10.6 c | 7.3 bc |
Mortierellomycetes | 1.1 a | 3.4 b | 4.1 b | 6.3 c | 3.4 b | 5.3 bc |
unc_Ascomycota | 6.1 bc | 10.4 c | 1.0 b | 0.5 a | 1.1 ab | 0.5 a |
Tremellomycetes | 1.7 b | 0.4 a | 0.4 a | 0.9 ab | 1.0 ab | 1.1 ab |
Orbiliomycetes | 2.2 b | 2.6 b | 0.1 a | 0.1 a | 0.1 a | 0.1 a |
Pezizomycotina_is | 3.4 b | 0.1 a | 0.1 a | 0.1 a | 0.3 a | 0.1 a |
Glomeromycetes | 0.8 bc | 1.0 c | 0.0 a | 0.3 ab | 0.1 a | 0.9 bc |
Genus | Undisturbed | Ploughed | No Till | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | 0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | 0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | |
Chaetomium | 0.2 a,1 | 0.9 a | 8.2 d | 6.8 cd | 4.3 b | 5.9 c |
Clonostachys | 0.3 a | 0.1 a | 1.1 b | 2.7 c | 2.3 c | 2.7 c |
Cordyceps | 0.0 a | 0.2 ab | 0.7 ab | 2.0 c | 1.0 b | 2.8 c |
Devriesia | 5.6 b | 0.2 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
Exophiala | 1.0 a | 0.7 a | 0.7 a | 0.6 a | 2.5 c | 1.6 b |
Fusarium | 0.5 a | 1.5 ab | 2.6 b | 5.2 c | 2.4 ab | 4.7 c |
Gibberella | 1.7 a | 0.7 a | 7.3 c | 5.4 bc | 11.2 d | 5.3 bc |
Herpotrichia | 1.5 a | 0.0 a | 0.8 a | 0.0 a | 3.1 b | 0.7 a |
Humicola | 0.6 a | 3.9 c | 1.2 a | 2.0 ab | 0.9 a | 2.2 b |
Hypocrea | 0.3 a | 0.3 a | 1.9 b | 2.2 b | 2.3 b | 2.1 b |
Knufia | 4.4 b | 0.1 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0.2 a | 0.0 a |
Lecythophora | 0.4 a | 0.0 a | 2.2 c | 0.6 a | 1.4 b | 0.4 a |
Lophiostoma | 0.1 a | 0.1 a | 0.6 a | 0.1 a | 2.5 b | 0.2 a |
Metarhizium | 0.4 a | 0.1 a | 0.8 ab | 1.7 c | 1.3 bc | 1.3 bc |
Mortierella | 3.4 a | 8.0 b | 8.2 bc | 11.2 c | 10.5 bc | 10.7 c |
Neonectria | 0.0 a | 0.1 a | 0.4 a | 0.9 b | 0.9 b | 1.9 c |
Penicillium | 6.7 c | 5.3 abc | 1.9 a | 5.7 bc | 2.5 ab | 3.4 abc |
Phialocephala | 0.9 a | 0.6 a | 2.1 b | 1.3 ab | 1.5 ab | 1.4 ab |
Podospora | 1.5 ab | 0.8 a | 11.0 d | 4.3 c | 3.7 bc | 1.5 ab |
Preussia | 0.5 ab | 0.1 a | 2.0 c | 1.4 b | 1.1 b | 0.8 ab |
Pseudogymnoascus | 4.6 ab | 11.0 c | 2.6 a | 7.2 bc | 2.3 a | 10.4 c |
Rhinocladiella | 3.3 b | 5.1 c | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a |
Rhizopus | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 1.2 ab | 0.8 ab | 3.1 c | 1.5 b |
Talaromyces | 0.3 a | 0.0 a | 1.5 ab | 1.6 ab | 4.0 c | 3.1 bc |
Tetracladium | 0.0 a | 0.8 ab | 1.6 abc | 1.0 abc | 2.3 bc | 2.8 c |
Index | Undisturbed | Ploughed | No till | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | 0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | 0–5 cm | 5–15 cm | |
OTU richness | 710 c, 1 | 424 a | 497 a | 565 b | 584 b | 539 b |
Chao-1 | 753 c | 433 a | 545 ab | 602 b | 629 b | 569 b |
Simpson (S) | 0.98 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.91 |
Shannon’s | 4.7 b | 3.8 a | 4.4 b | 4.6 b | 4.6 b | 4.2 ab |
Evenness | 0.16 ab | 0.12 a | 0.18 b | 0.19 b | 0.17 ab | 0.15 ab |
Equitability | 0.72 b | 0.63 a | 0.72 b | 0.73 b | 0.72 b | 0.66 ab |
Berger-Parker | 0.09 a | 0.23 b | 0.08 a | 0.07 a | 0.07 a | 0.20 ab |
Dominance (1-S) | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
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Naumova, N.; Barsukov, P.; Baturina, O.; Rusalimova, O.; Kabilov, M. Soil Mycobiome Diversity under Different Tillage Practices in the South of West Siberia. Life 2022, 12, 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081169
Naumova N, Barsukov P, Baturina O, Rusalimova O, Kabilov M. Soil Mycobiome Diversity under Different Tillage Practices in the South of West Siberia. Life. 2022; 12(8):1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081169
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaumova, Natalia, Pavel Barsukov, Olga Baturina, Olga Rusalimova, and Marsel Kabilov. 2022. "Soil Mycobiome Diversity under Different Tillage Practices in the South of West Siberia" Life 12, no. 8: 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081169