Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Ischemic Stroke—A Prospective Observational Study

Åberg, Daniel; Åberg, N. David; Jood, Katarina; Redfors, Petra; Blomstrand, Christian; Isgaard, Jörgen; Jern, Christina; Svensson, Johan

doi:10.3390/life11060499

Open AccessArticle

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Ischemic Stroke—A Prospective Observational Study

by

Daniel Åberg

^1,2,*

,

N. David Åberg

^1,2,3

,

Katarina Jood

^2,4,

Petra Redfors

^2,4,

Christian Blomstrand

^2,3,4

,

Jörgen Isgaard

^1,2,

Christina Jern

^4,5 and

Johan Svensson

^1,2

¹

Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

²

Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden

³

Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Center of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

⁴

Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

⁵

Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Life 2021, 11(6), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060499

Submission received: 5 March 2021 / Revised: 25 May 2021 / Accepted: 26 May 2021 / Published: 29 May 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Stroke Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies)

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Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) regulates prenatal brain development, but the role in adult brain function and injury is unclear. Here, we determined whether serum levels of IGF-II (s-IGF-II) are associated with mortality and functional outcome after ischemic stroke (IS). The study population comprised ischemic stroke cases (n = 492) and controls (n = 514) from the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS). Functional outcome was evaluated after 3 months and 2 years using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and additionally, survival was followed at a minimum of 7 years or until death. S-IGF-II levels were higher in IS cases both in the acute phase and at 3-month follow-up compared to controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The lowest quintile of acute s-IGF-II was, compared to the four higher quintiles, associated with an increased risk of post-stroke mortality (median follow-up 10.6 years, crude hazard ratio (HR) 2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56–3.49, and fully adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.02–2.61). In contrast, crude associations with poor functional outcome (mRS 3–6) lost significance after full adjustment for covariates. In conclusion, s-IGF-II was higher in IS cases than in controls, and low acute s-IGF-II was an independent risk marker of increased mortality.

Keywords: insulin-like growth factor-II; ischemic stroke; functional outcome; modified Rankin Scale; mortality; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Åberg, D.; Åberg, N.D.; Jood, K.; Redfors, P.; Blomstrand, C.; Isgaard, J.; Jern, C.; Svensson, J. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Ischemic Stroke—A Prospective Observational Study. Life 2021, 11, 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060499

AMA Style

Åberg D, Åberg ND, Jood K, Redfors P, Blomstrand C, Isgaard J, Jern C, Svensson J. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Ischemic Stroke—A Prospective Observational Study. Life. 2021; 11(6):499. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060499

Chicago/Turabian Style

Åberg, Daniel, N. David Åberg, Katarina Jood, Petra Redfors, Christian Blomstrand, Jörgen Isgaard, Christina Jern, and Johan Svensson. 2021. "Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Ischemic Stroke—A Prospective Observational Study" Life 11, no. 6: 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060499

APA Style

Åberg, D., Åberg, N. D., Jood, K., Redfors, P., Blomstrand, C., Isgaard, J., Jern, C., & Svensson, J. (2021). Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Ischemic Stroke—A Prospective Observational Study. Life, 11(6), 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11060499

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II and Ischemic Stroke—A Prospective Observational Study

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