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Article

Simultaneous Exposure of Cultured Human Lymphoblastic Cells to Simulated Microgravity and Radiation Increases Chromosome Aberrations

by
Sakuya Yamanouchi
1,
Jordan Rhone
2,
Jian-Hua Mao
3,
Keigi Fujiwara
4,
Premkumar B. Saganti
2,
Akihisa Takahashi
1,* and
Megumi Hada
2,*
1
Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
2
Radiation Institute for Science & Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
3
Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
4
Department of Cardiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2020, 10(9), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090187
Submission received: 30 July 2020 / Revised: 2 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 / Published: 10 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiobiology in Space)
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Abstract

During space travel, humans are continuously exposed to two major environmental stresses, microgravity (μG) and space radiation. One of the fundamental questions is whether the two stressors are interactive. For over half a century, many studies were carried out in space, as well as using devices that simulated μG on the ground to investigate gravity effects on cells and organisms, and we have gained insights into how living organisms respond to μG. However, our knowledge on how to assess and manage human health risks in long-term mission to the Moon or Mars is drastically limited. For example, little information is available on how cells respond to simultaneous exposure to space radiation and μG. In this study, we analyzed the frequencies of chromosome aberrations (CA) in cultured human lymphoblastic TK6 cells exposed to X-ray or carbon ion under the simulated μG conditions. A higher frequency of both simple and complex types of CA were observed in cells exposed to radiation and μG simultaneously compared to CA frequency in cells exposed to radiation only. Our study shows that the dose response data on space radiation obtained at the 1G condition could lead to the underestimation of astronauts’ potential risk for health deterioration, including cancer. This study also emphasizes the importance of obtaining data on the molecular and cellular responses to irradiation under μG conditions.
Keywords: lymphoblast; microgravity; space radiation; chromosome aberration lymphoblast; microgravity; space radiation; chromosome aberration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yamanouchi, S.; Rhone, J.; Mao, J.-H.; Fujiwara, K.; Saganti, P.B.; Takahashi, A.; Hada, M. Simultaneous Exposure of Cultured Human Lymphoblastic Cells to Simulated Microgravity and Radiation Increases Chromosome Aberrations. Life 2020, 10, 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090187

AMA Style

Yamanouchi S, Rhone J, Mao J-H, Fujiwara K, Saganti PB, Takahashi A, Hada M. Simultaneous Exposure of Cultured Human Lymphoblastic Cells to Simulated Microgravity and Radiation Increases Chromosome Aberrations. Life. 2020; 10(9):187. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090187

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yamanouchi, Sakuya, Jordan Rhone, Jian-Hua Mao, Keigi Fujiwara, Premkumar B. Saganti, Akihisa Takahashi, and Megumi Hada. 2020. "Simultaneous Exposure of Cultured Human Lymphoblastic Cells to Simulated Microgravity and Radiation Increases Chromosome Aberrations" Life 10, no. 9: 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090187

APA Style

Yamanouchi, S., Rhone, J., Mao, J.-H., Fujiwara, K., Saganti, P. B., Takahashi, A., & Hada, M. (2020). Simultaneous Exposure of Cultured Human Lymphoblastic Cells to Simulated Microgravity and Radiation Increases Chromosome Aberrations. Life, 10(9), 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090187

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