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Volume 13
Issue 8
10.3390/machines13080727
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Review

Skyhook-Based Techniques for Vehicle Suspension Control: A Review of the State of the Art

by
Jiyuan Wang
1,
Zhenxing Huang
2,
Haodong Hong
3,
Siyao Yu
3,
Weihan Shi
1 and
Xiaoliang Zhang
1,*
1
Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
CATARC Component Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China
3
School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Machines 2025, 13(8), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080727
Submission received: 10 July 2025 / Revised: 6 August 2025 / Accepted: 14 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vehicle Suspension System Optimization and Control)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Automotive suspension systems are key to improving ride comfort and handling stability. Over the past decades, active and semi-active suspensions have become a focal point in automotive engineering and have been widely adopted in the industry. Skyhook-based control and its related methodologies, as a mature and viable solution, have been extensively implemented in vehicles. Despite the large number of research papers available on this topic, there remains a lack of comprehensive and up-to-date surveys in the literature that compare various Skyhook-based suspension control systems and their effectiveness. To bridge this gap, this paper systematically reviews the research progress in active and semi-active suspension controllers based on Skyhook principles over recent decades. Representative methods within major control rules are reported, and their characteristics, along with critical performance metrics, are critically analyzed. This paper also explores the development trends of Skyhook-based control.
Keywords: active and semi-active suspension systems; Skyhook-based control; ride comfort; handling active and semi-active suspension systems; Skyhook-based control; ride comfort; handling

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, J.; Huang, Z.; Hong, H.; Yu, S.; Shi, W.; Zhang, X. Skyhook-Based Techniques for Vehicle Suspension Control: A Review of the State of the Art. Machines 2025, 13, 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080727

AMA Style

Wang J, Huang Z, Hong H, Yu S, Shi W, Zhang X. Skyhook-Based Techniques for Vehicle Suspension Control: A Review of the State of the Art. Machines. 2025; 13(8):727. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080727

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Jiyuan, Zhenxing Huang, Haodong Hong, Siyao Yu, Weihan Shi, and Xiaoliang Zhang. 2025. "Skyhook-Based Techniques for Vehicle Suspension Control: A Review of the State of the Art" Machines 13, no. 8: 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080727

APA Style

Wang, J., Huang, Z., Hong, H., Yu, S., Shi, W., & Zhang, X. (2025). Skyhook-Based Techniques for Vehicle Suspension Control: A Review of the State of the Art. Machines, 13(8), 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080727

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