Implications of Hf Isotopes for the Evolution of the Mantle Source of Magmas Associated with the Giant El Teniente Cu-Mo Megabreccia Deposit, Central Chile
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geologic Background
2.1. El Teniente Cu-Mo Deposit
2.2. Previous Hf Isotopic Studies
3. Samples and Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
5.1. Andean Magmagenesis
5.2. El Teniente Deposit
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample # | Rock Type | Age Ma | SiO2 wt. % | 87Sr/86Sr | 143Nd/144Nd | εNd | εHf(t) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Late Miocene (≥8.9 Ma) Mafic Host Rocks | |||||||
EX-2004-04 | ol basalt | 8.9 | 51.9 | 0.70405 | 0.512782 | 2.9 | |
1411-1630 | gabbro | ≥8.9 | 51.1 | 0.70396 | 0.512818 | 3.5 | |
540-2082 | basalt | ≥8.9 | 51.3 | 0.70404 | 0.512813 | 3.4 | |
QT-4 | basalt | ≥8.9 | 49.7 | 0.70421 | 0.512798 | 3.1 | |
Late Miocene to Early Pliocene (7.1 to 4.8 Ma) Felsic Plutonic Rocks | |||||||
Ttc5 | Sewell tonalite | 7.1 | 63.7 | 0.70386 | 0.512770 | 2.7 | 7.9 |
1473-970 | Porphyry A | 5.7 | 48.5 | 0.70409 | 0.512799 | 3.1 | |
1446-266 | Porphyry A | 5.7 | 56.3 | 0.70406 | 0.512795 | 3.1 | 7.7 |
1300-403 | Teniente dacite | 5.3 | 66.3 | 0.70402 | 0.512762 | 2.6 | 7.2 |
1394-92 | latite dike | 4.8 | 60.9 | 0.70405 | 0.512785 | 2.5 | 6.9 |
Pliocene (3.8 to 2.3) Lamprophyres and Basaltic Andesites | |||||||
Ttc1 | hbl lamprophyre | 3.8 | 56.3 | 0.70425 | 0.512660 | 0.7 | |
AS-2003-1 | ol lamprophyre | 3.1 | 51.3 | 0.70425 | 0.512700 | 1.2 | |
PVF1 | ol basaltic andesite | 2.3 | 55.6 | 0.70485 | 0.512580 | −1.1 |
Pre-Mineralization Samples ≥8.9 Ma. | Post-Mineralization Samples ≤3.9 Ma. | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | EX2004-04 | 1411-1630′ | 540-2082′ | QT-4 | AS2003-01 | TTc-1 | PVF1 |
SiO2 | 51.94 | 51.08 | 51.3 | 49.65 | 51.31 | 56.30 | 56.50 |
TiO2 | 0.92 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.85 | 1.10 |
Al2O3 | 18.19 | 17.07 | 18.68 | 17.96 | 15.97 | 16.90 | 16.90 |
Fe2O3 | 11.04 | 9.89 | 7.82 | 3.60 | 2.70 | ||
FeO | 8.78 | 9.90 | 2.00 | 5.10 | |||
MnO | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
MgO | 5.71 | 5.75 | 5.23 | 5.29 | 7.92 | 3.30 | 4.80 |
CaO | 7.87 | 6.58 | 9.00 | 6.56 | 7.77 | 5.80 | 7.20 |
Na2O | 3.82 | 2.15 | 3.21 | 4.30 | 3.39 | 4.61 | 3.63 |
K2O | 1.01 | 2.56 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.60 | 2.10 |
P2O5 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.33 |
LOI | 0.98 | 1.46 | 1.07 | 4.53 | 2.04 | 5.10 | 0.68 |
Total | 99.55 | 99.05 | 100.82 | 100.97 | 98.66 | 100.41 | 101.16 |
Cs | 7 | 18 | 5.3 | 0.8 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 2.7 |
Rb | 26 | 159 | 54 | 29 | 21 | 40 | 60 |
Sr | 468 | 383 | 535 | 595 | 680 | 916 | 566 |
Ba | 235 | 100 | 158 | 310 | 345 | 460 | 471 |
La | 13.4 | 11.4 | 9.20 | 11.5 | 13.6 | 17.5 | 22.3 |
Ce | 30.3 | 26.4 | 20.3 | 26.5 | 31.0 | 40.6 | 50.0 |
Pr | 3.72 | 3.40 | 2.80 | 3.20 | 3.98 | 5.12 | |
Nd | 16.6 | 15.5 | 13.3 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 22.0 | 31.9 |
Sm | 4.00 | 3.71 | 3.30 | 3.90 | 3.90 | 4.09 | 6.52 |
Eu | 1.22 | 1.04 | 1.29 | 1.16 | 1.20 | 1.09 | 1.36 |
Gd | 3.70 | 3.11 | 3.50 | 3.40 | 3.30 | 3.07 | |
Tb | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.38 | 0.66 |
Dy | 3.40 | 3.00 | 3.30 | 3.30 | 2.82 | 1.71 | |
Ho | 0.70 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.31 | |
Er | 1.90 | 1.60 | 1.90 | 2.00 | 1.50 | 0.84 | |
Tm | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.13 | |
Yb | 1.70 | 1.48 | 1.70 | 1.60 | 1.29 | 0.80 | 2.32 |
Lu | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.30 |
Y | 15 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 13 | 24 |
Zr | 86 | 56 | 73 | 74 | 110 | 129 | 196 |
Hf | 2.7 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 5.0 |
Th | 3.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 6.9 |
Sc | 21 | 30 | 27 | 24 | 23 | 11 | 18 |
Cr | 268 | 292 | 263 | 41 | 387 | 77 | |
Ni | 134 | 198 | 75 | 30 | 188 | 78 | |
Cu | 115 | 1325 | 204 | 20 | 94 | 85 |
Sample | Ttc5 | 1473-970′ | 1446-266′ | 1300-403′ | 1394-92′ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | 63.7 | 48.45 | 56.34 | 66.26 | 60.93 |
TiO2 | 0.39 | 1.01 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.63 |
Al2O3 | 17.1 | 18.62 | 13.86 | 16.85 | 17.24 |
Fe2O3 | 1.90 | 7.54 | 2.74 | 1.83 | 2.14 |
FeO | 2.40 | ||||
MnO | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
MgO | 1.50 | 4.73 | 1.41 | 1.01 | 1.86 |
CaO | 3.90 | 5.73 | 6.72 | 2.82 | 4.61 |
Na2O | 4.93 | 4.33 | 3.8 | 5.53 | 4.76 |
K2O | 2.20 | 3.63 | 5.68 | 2.64 | 2.23 |
P2O5 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.21 |
LOI | 1.80 | 4.66 | 7.99 | 1.95 | 5.74 |
Total | 100.17 | 100.39 | 102.49 | 99.43 | 100.37 |
Cs | 6.1 | 16.3 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 2.7 |
Rb | 96 | 209 | 187 | 66.7 | 80.5 |
Sr | 699 | 499 | 456 | 699 | 742 |
Ba | 528 | 244 | 601 | 644 | 311 |
La | 14.4 | 10.6 | 24.1 | 10.4 | 14.6 |
Ce | 34.7 | 21.4 | 53.7 | 20.1 | 30.9 |
Pr | 3.97 | 2.84 | 6.29 | 2.42 | 4.00 |
Nd | 19.2 | 13.43 | 26.12 | 9.00 | 15.3 |
Sm | 3.39 | 3.44 | 4.63 | 1.58 | 2.80 |
Eu | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 0.83 |
Gd | 2.9 | 2.96 | 3.17 | 1.40 | 2.30 |
Tb | 0.29 | 0.51 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Dy | 1.80 | 2.69 | 1.89 | 0.80 | 1.00 |
Ho | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.18 | 0.20 |
Er | 0.90 | 1.39 | 0.94 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Tm | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
Yb | 0.92 | 1.12 | 0.79 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
Lu | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
Y | 11 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 6 |
Zr | 94 | 95 | 81 | 94 | 108 |
Hf | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 2.9 |
Th | 4.3 | 0.8 | 5.9 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
Sc | 6.0 | 21 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
Cr | 24 | <20 | <20 | 11 | 42 |
Ni | <20 | <20 | <20 | 34 | 86 |
Cu | 480 | 899 | 2380 | 6000 | 1250 |
Sample | Lu (ppm) | Hf (ppm) | 176Lu/177Hf | 176Hf/177Hf | 2σ × 10−6 | (176Hf/177Hf)i | εHf(t) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Late Miocene (≥8.9 Ma) Pre-Mineralization Mafic Host Rocks | |||||||
EX-2004-04 | 0.25 | 2.7 | 0.0131 | 0.283011 | 3.3 | 0.283009 | 8.6 |
1411-1630’ | 0.21 | 1.7 | 0.0175 | 0.283051 | 6.1 | 0.283048 | 9.9 |
1411-1630’ dup | 0.21 | 1.7 | 0.0175 | 0.283051 | 3.6 | 0.283048 | 10.0 |
540-2082’ | 0.24 | 1.9 | 0.0179 | 0.283007 | 3.9 | 0.283004 | 8.4 |
540-2082’ dup | 0.24 | 1.9 | 0.0179 | 0.283027 | 4.2 | 0.283024 | 9.1 |
QT-4 | 0.25 | 2.5 | 0.0142 | 0.283018 | 3.4 | 0.283016 | 8.8 |
Late Miocene to Early Pliocene (7.1 to 4.8 Ma) Syn-Mineralization Felsic Plutonic Rocks | |||||||
Ttc-5 | 0.11 | 3.2 | 0.0049 | 0.283001 | 11 | 0.283001 | 8.2 |
1473-970’ | 0.16 | 2.8 | 0.0081 | 0.283039 | 6.0 | 0.283038 | 9.5 |
1446-266’ | 0.11 | 3.9 | 0.0040 | 0.282981 | 7.5 | 0.282981 | 7.5 |
1300-403’ | 0.06 | 2.4 | 0.0036 | 0.282984 | 3.7 | 0.282984 | 7.6 |
1394-92’ | 0.07 | 2.9 | 0.0034 | 0.282976 | 2.8 | 0.282976 | 7.3 |
Pliocene (3.8 to 2.3) Post-Mineralization Olivine Lamprophyres and Basaltic Andesites | |||||||
Ttc1 | 0.12 | 3.5 | 0.0049 | 0.282900 | 3.8 | 0.282899 | 4.6 |
AS-2003-1 | 0.18 | 3.1 | 0.0082 | 0.282916 | 3.1 | 0.282915 | 5.1 |
PVF1 | 0.30 | 5.0 | 0.0085 | 0.282817 | 2.3 | 0.282816 | 1.6 |
Element and Isotopes | Mantle | Crust + Sediment |
---|---|---|
Sr ppm | 36 | 380 |
87Sr/86Sr | 0.7030 | 0.70763 |
Nd ppm | 1.8 | 42.3 |
143Nd/144Nd | 0.51300 | 0.51235 |
Hf ppm | 0.28 | 5.3 |
176Hf/177Hf | 0.28320 | 0.28256 |
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Stern, C.R.; Pang, K.-N.; Lee, H.-Y.; Skewes, M.A.; Arévalo, A. Implications of Hf Isotopes for the Evolution of the Mantle Source of Magmas Associated with the Giant El Teniente Cu-Mo Megabreccia Deposit, Central Chile. Minerals 2019, 9, 550. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090550
Stern CR, Pang K-N, Lee H-Y, Skewes MA, Arévalo A. Implications of Hf Isotopes for the Evolution of the Mantle Source of Magmas Associated with the Giant El Teniente Cu-Mo Megabreccia Deposit, Central Chile. Minerals. 2019; 9(9):550. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090550
Chicago/Turabian StyleStern, Charles R., Kwan-Nang Pang, Hao-Yang Lee, M. Alexandra Skewes, and Alejandra Arévalo. 2019. "Implications of Hf Isotopes for the Evolution of the Mantle Source of Magmas Associated with the Giant El Teniente Cu-Mo Megabreccia Deposit, Central Chile" Minerals 9, no. 9: 550. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090550