Apatite Chemical Compositions from Acadian-Related Granitoids of New Brunswick, Canada: Implications for Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Studied Mineral Deposits and Their Host Rocks
3.1. Barren Intrusions
3.1.1. Mount LaTour Granite
3.1.2. Lost Lake Granite
3.1.3. Mount Douglas Granite
3.2. Fertile Intrusions Associated with Cu-Mo Mineralization
3.2.1. Hawkshaw Granite
3.2.2. Nicholas Dénys Granodiorite
3.2.3. Evandale Granodiorite
3.2.4. Magaguadavic Granite
3.3. Fertile Intrusions Associated with Mo Deposits
3.3.1. Pabineau Falls Granite
3.3.2. Long Lake Leucogranite
3.3.3. Allandale Granite
3.3.4. Utopia Granite
3.4. Fertile Intrusions Associated with Sn-W Deposits
3.4.1. Dungarvon Pluton
3.4.2. Beech Hill Granite
3.4.3. Lake George Granodiorite
4. Materials and Analytical Techniques
5. Petrographic Study of Apatite Occurrences
6. Results
6.1. Apatite Major Elements
6.1.1. Calcium and Phosphorus
6.1.2. Fluorine and Chlorine
6.1.3. Silicon
6.1.4. Sulfur
6.1.5. Iron and Manganese
6.2. Apatite Trace Elements
6.2.1. Strontium and Yttrium
6.2.2. Uranium and Thorium
6.2.3. Tin
6.2.4. Rare Earth Elements (REEs)
7. Discussion
7.1. Source of Hydrothermal Fluids (F, Cl)
7.2. Oxidation State
7.3. Petrogenesis
7.4. The Potential Detector of Mineralization
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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# | Sample | Locality | Lithology | Age (Ma) | Associated Mineralization | Other Halogen Bearing Minerals | Accessory Mineral Phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | WX85NB-47 | Nicholas Dénys | Bt granodiorite | 381 ± 4 1 | Porphyry Cu-Mo | Bt, Amp | Mag, Ilm, Zrn, Ttn, Ep |
2 | WX85NB-46 | Pabineau Falls | Alf porphyry Bt granite | 397.2 ± 1.9 2 | Vein Mo | Bt, Amp | Zrn, Mnz, Xtm, Ilm |
3 | WX86NB-254 | Mt LaTour | Bt granite | 417.7 ± 4.4 3 | Barren | Bt, | Zrn, Mnz |
4 | DS06-0077-2 | Long Lake | Ms leucogranite | 406.1 ± 1.9 4 | Vein U-Mo | Bt, Chl, Ms | Zrn, Mnz, Ilm |
5 | WX85NB-226 | Dungarvon | Qz porphyry Bt granite | 376 ± 4 5 | Vein Sn-W | Bt | Zrn, Ilm |
6 | WX85NB-225 | Trout Lake | Qz porphyry Bt granite | 380.6 ± 0.3 6 | Vein Sn-W | Bt | Zrn, Ilm, Mnz, Ep, Xtm |
7 | WX85NB-161 | Lost Lake | Bt-Ms granodiorite | 409.7 ±0.5 6 | Barren | Bt, Ms | Ilm, Ttn, Zrn |
8 | WX85NB-11 | Hawkshaw | Afs porphyry Bt granite | 411 ± 1 7 | Vein Cu-Au-W | Chl | Mag, Ilm, Zrn, Rt |
9 | WX85NB-38 | Allandale | Bt-Ms granite | 402 ± 1 8 | Vein Be-Mo | Bt | Zrn, Ilm, Ep, Mnz, Ttn |
10 | LG | Lake George | Granodiorite | 412 ± 2 9 | Barren | Bt, Chl, Amp | Zrn, Mnz, Cal, Ep |
11 | 2010-CB-16B | Evandale | Granodiorite | 390.4 ± 1.5 10 | Porphyry Cu-Mo | Bt, Amp | Mag, Zrn, Ilm, Ep, Rt |
12 | WX85NB-196 | Magaguadavic | Afs porphyry Bt-Amp granite | 403 ± 2 11 | Vein Cu-Mo | Bt | Zrn, Ttn, Ilm, Mag, Aln |
13 | WX85NB-198 | Mount Douglas | Bt granite-Dmd1 | 366 12 | Barren | Bt. Fl | Mag, Ilm |
WX85NB-220 | Bt, Chl, Fl | Mag, Zrn, Ilm | |||||
14 | WX85NB-188 | Beech Hill | Fsp-Qz-Bt porphyry granite | 343 ± 33 13 | Vein Sn-W | Bt, Chl | Zrn, Ilm |
15 | WX85NB-189 | Utopia | Bt granite | 428.3 ± 1.0 11 | Vein Mo-Sn | Bt | Zrn, Ilm, Mag, Mnz, Aln |
Sample | WX85NB-254 | WX85NB-198 | WX85NB-220 | WX85NB-161 | WX85NB-47 | WX85NB-196 | 2010-CB-16 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intrusion | Mount LaTour | Mount Douglas (Dmd1) | Lost Lake | Nicholas Dénys | Magaguadavic | Evandale | |||||||
Mineralization | Barren | Barren | Barren | Cu-Mo | Cu-Mo | Cu-Mo | |||||||
No of Grains | 1 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
Major elements (wt. %) | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ | |
P2O5 | 41.05 | 40.10 | 0.8 | 39.71 | 1.3 | 41.40 | 0.9 | 37.66 | 5.1 | 40.50 | 0.7 | 40.46 | 0.1 |
CaO | 53.86 | 54.05 | 1.1 | 53.32 | 1.6 | 54.82 | 0.0 | 49.37 | 7.9 | 54.30 | 0.3 | 53.88 | 0.0 |
SiO2 | 0.32 | 0.83 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.40 | 0.2 | 2.69 | 3.4 | 0.56 | 0.2 | 0.35 | 0.1 |
FeO | 0.52 | 0.60 | 0.3 | 0.65 | 0.1 | 0.23 | 0.1 | 1.58 | 1.5 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.36 | 0.0 |
MnO | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.0 | 0.21 | 0.0 | 0.21 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.0 | 0.10 | 0.0 | 0.08 | 0.0 |
SrO | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.0 |
Y2O3 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.85 | 0.6 | 0.13 | 0.0 | 0.26 | 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 |
Ce2O3 | 0.30 | 0.64 | 0.4 | 0.68 | 0.3 | 0.13 | 0.0 | 0.14 | 0.1 | 0.58 | 0.0 | 0.38 | 0.1 |
UO2 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.10 | 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.22 | 0.2 |
BaO | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.09 | 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 |
Cl | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.24 | 0.0 | 0.04 | 0.0 | 0.29 | 0.0 |
F | 3.38 | 3.08 | 0.4 | 3.40 | 0.2 | 3.13 | 0.1 | 2.82 | 1.4 | 3.00 | 0.0 | 2.81 | 0.3 |
SO3 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.09 | 0.1 | 0.14 | 0.0 | 0.14 | 0.0 |
O=F,Cl | 1.45 | 1.30 | 0.2 | 1.44 | 0.1 | 1.32 | 0.0 | 1.24 | 0.6 | 1.27 | 0.0 | 1.25 | 0.1 |
Total | 98.63 | 98.40 | - | 98.17 | - | 99.25 | - | 93.85 | - | 98.23 | - | 97.72 | - |
Trace elements (ppm) | |||||||||||||
Sr | 36 | 74 | 31 | 27 | 9 | 93 | 3 | - | - | 120 | 34 | - | - |
Th | 15 | 289 | 145 | 93 | 26 | 23 | 13 | - | - | 108 | 49 | - | - |
U | 13 | 62 | 30 | 24 | 9 | 264 | 97 | - | - | 26 | 12 | - | - |
La | 883 | 3411 | 1228 | 2184 | 280 | 201 | 69 | - | - | 2142 | 724 | - | - |
Ce | 2606 | 8154 | 3186 | 6849 | 994 | 913 | 294 | - | - | 3803 | 1202 | - | - |
Pr | 378 | 952 | 394 | 1016 | 126 | 177 | 50 | - | - | 316 | 91 | - | - |
Nd | 2048 | 3961 | 1795 | 4690 | 622 | 1123 | 299 | - | - | 997 | 278 | - | - |
Sm | 638 | 824 | 411 | 1320 | 164 | 503 | 118 | - | - | 123 | 33 | - | - |
Eu | 5 | 26 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 75 | 17 | - | - | 18 | 4 | - | - |
Gd | 765 | 752 | 405 | 1449 | 154 | 689 | 152 | - | - | 93 | 28 | - | - |
Tb | 122 | 103 | 56 | 243 | 44 | 104 | 23 | - | - | 10 | 3 | - | - |
Dy | 713 | 611 | 295 | 1554 | 245 | 541 | 121 | - | - | 72 | 15 | - | - |
Ho | 135 | 123 | 62 | 309 | 56 | 91 | 20 | - | - | 16 | 5 | - | - |
Er | 324 | 323 | 159 | 807 | 133 | 171 | 38 | - | - | 40 | 11 | - | - |
Tm | 41 | 47 | 20 | 122 | 24 | 15 | 3 | - | - | 7 | 2 | - | - |
Yb | 241 | 330 | 152 | 817 | 209 | 117 | 27 | - | - | 49 | 20 | - | - |
Lu | 30 | 48 | 22 | 105 | 29 | 25 | 6 | - | - | 8 | 3 | - | - |
Y | 3900 | 3706 | 1695 | 9627 | 1754 | 1882 | 404 | - | - | 465 | 86 | - | - |
Mn | 1136 | 903 | 101 | 2362 | 191 | 1575 | 405 | - | - | 904 | 115 | - | - |
Sn | 4 | 0 | 2 | −1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 4 | - | - |
S | 366 | 957 | 1034 | 472 | 777 | 355 | 13 | - | - | 994 | 833 | - | - |
No of grains | - | 13 | - | 12 | - | 13 | - | - | - | 9 | - | - | - |
Sample | WX85NB-11 | LG | WX85NB-226 | WX85NB-225 | WX85NB-188 | WX85NB-46 | WX85NB-189 | DS06-077 | WX85NB-38 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intrusion | Hawkshaw | Lake George | Dungarvon | Beech Hill | Papineau Falls | Utopia | Long Lake | Allandale | ||||||||
Mineralization | Cu-Mo | Sn-W | Sn-W | Sn-W | Mo | Mo-Sn | U-Mo | Be-Mo | ||||||||
No of Grains | 3 | 20 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | |||||||
Major elements (wt. %) | ||||||||||||||||
P2O5 | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ | - | - | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ | Av. | 1σ |
CaO | 42.06 | 0.2 | 40.54 | 2.9 | 40.61 | 0.4 | 40.70 | 0.5 | 40.70 | 39.27 | 40.41 | 0.6 | 42.35 | 0.7 | 41.60 | 0.7 |
SiO2 | 54.83 | 0.3 | 54.23 | 3.8 | 53.48 | 0.0 | 53.23 | 0.4 | 51.85 | 50.83 | 53.43 | 0.2 | 53.91 | 0.1 | 52.77 | 0.4 |
FeO | 0.38 | 0.1 | 0.61 | 1.2 | 0.67 | 0.3 | 0.40 | 0.2 | 0.43 | 0.75 | 0.53 | 0.1 | 0.31 | 0.2 | 0.17 | 0.1 |
MnO | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.63 | 1.2 | 0.58 | 0.4 | 0.73 | 0.1 | 0.68 | 2.14 | 0.80 | 0.2 | 0.83 | 0.5 | 1.00 | 0.1 |
SrO | 0.26 | 0.0 | 0.11 | 0.1 | 0.21 | 0.0 | 0.70 | 0.1 | 0.57 | 1.01 | 0.37 | 0.0 | 0.14 | 0.0 | 1.58 | 0.0 |
Y2O3 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 |
Ce2O3 | 0.39 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.1 | 0.89 | 0.4 | 0.68 | 0.2 | 0.79 | 0.52 | 0.88 | 0.1 | 0.29 | 0.0 | 0.27 | 0.0 |
UO2 | 0.13 | 0.0 | 0.14 | 0.1 | 0.38 | 0.1 | 0.28 | 0.1 | 0.69 | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.0 | 0.09 | 0.1 | 0.11 | 0.0 |
BaO | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 |
Cl | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 |
F | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.05 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.04 | 0.0 |
SO3 | 3.08 | 0.4 | 2.62 | 0.7 | 2.81 | 0.0 | 3.44 | 0.3 | 3.81 | 3.25 | 3.24 | 0.4 | 2.97 | 0.2 | 3.32 | 0.0 |
O=F,Cl | 0.05 | 0.0 | 0.10 | 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.08 | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 |
Total | 1.30 | 0.2 | 1.12 | 0.3 | 1.19 | 0.0 | 1.45 | 0.1 | 1.61 | 1.38 | 1.37 | 0.2 | 1.25 | 0.1 | 1.41 | 0.0 |
Trace elements (ppm) | ||||||||||||||||
Sr | 100 | 1 | - | - | 128 | 17 | 52 | 14 | 65 | - | 33 | 6 | - | - | - | - |
Th | 21 | 9 | - | - | 80 | 19 | 18 | 7 | 88 | - | 28 | 12 | - | - | - | - |
U | 35 | 11 | - | - | 38 | 1 | 14 | 5 | 28 | - | 13 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
La | 186 | 62 | - | - | 812 | 274 | 560 | 47 | 1191 | - | 985 | 156 | - | - | - | - |
Ce | 768 | 266 | - | - | 2931 | 1085 | 2069 | 187 | 5009 | - | 3576 | 521 | - | - | - | - |
Pr | 139 | 44 | - | - | 507 | 202 | 349 | 28 | 916 | - | 531 | 91 | - | - | - | - |
Nd | 811 | 249 | - | - | 2769 | 1080 | 1817 | 190 | 4994 | - | 2383 | 316 | - | - | - | - |
Sm | 389 | 113 | - | - | 964 | 386 | 878 | 89 | 2042 | - | 852 | 149 | - | - | - | - |
Eu | 29 | 6 | - | - | 10 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 21 | - | 5 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
Gd | 502 | 150 | - | - | 1073 | 433 | 987 | 111 | 2349 | - | 1091 | 224 | - | - | - | - |
Tb | 92 | 29 | - | - | 188 | 76 | 184 | 17 | 443 | - | 201 | 31 | - | - | - | - |
Dy | 539 | 178 | - | - | 1165 | 470 | 1026 | 138 | 2712 | - | 1299 | 214 | - | - | - | - |
Ho | 98 | 35 | - | - | 234 | 92 | 182 | 22 | 503 | - | 252 | 42 | - | - | - | - |
Er | 242 | 90 | - | - | 655 | 243 | 461 | 57 | 1302 | - | 660 | 102 | - | - | - | - |
Tm | 32 | 12 | - | - | 98 | 34 | 69 | 9 | 178 | - | 101 | 23 | - | - | - | - |
Yb | 199 | 78 | - | - | 678 | 218 | 459 | 76 | 1134 | - | 636 | 150 | - | - | - | - |
Lu | 25 | 10 | - | - | 92 | 26 | 60 | 8 | 142 | - | 93 | 20 | - | - | - | - |
Y | 2639 | 929 | - | - | 7950 | 2828 | 5162 | 398 | 13270 | - | 7649 | 1278 | - | - | - | - |
Mn | 2189 | 295 | - | - | 1511 | 288 | 5893 | 344 | 5444 | - | 3867 | 226 | - | - | - | - |
Sn | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0 | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
S | 358 | 7 | - | 404 | 12 | 582 | 926 | 356 | - | 785 | 334 | - | - | - | - | |
No of grains | 9 | - | - | 2 | 14 | 1 | - | 6 |
Barren | 1s | Cu-Mo System | 1s | Sn-W System | 1s | Mo Systems | 1s | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Major elements in wt. % (EPMA) | ||||||||
CaO | 53.7 | 3.1 | 53.3 | 3.6 | 53.1 | 0.6 | 53.1 | 0.9 |
P2O5 | 40.5 | 2.2 | 40.4 | 2.5 | 40.7 | 0.5 | 40.8 | 1.1 |
SiO2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
MnO | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
FeO | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
F | 2.9 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 0.3 |
Cl | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.12 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.03 | 0.0 |
OH | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
Trace elements in ppm (LA-ICP-MS) | ||||||||
Mn | 1582 | 648.7 | 1546 | 696.1 | 5351 | 1484.1 | 3867 | 226.1 |
Sr | 65 | 33.2 | 110 | 25.4 | 62 | 28.4 | 33 | 6.2 |
Y | 4925 | 3540.5 | 1552 | 1288.4 | 5967 | 2240.7 | 7649 | 1278.3 |
U | 117 | 121.4 | 31 | 12.0 | 18 | 9.7 | 13 | 5.3 |
Th | 133 | 142.4 | 64 | 56.0 | 29 | 26.7 | 28 | 12.3 |
Sn | 1 | 1.8 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.5 |
LREE 1 | 11,885 | 7752.5 | 4860 | 3075.8 | 6450 | 3606.0 | 8333 | 1177.2 |
HREE 2 | 8012 | 3298.0 | 2563 | 2128.2 | 9798 | 2302.2 | 11982 | 1968.5 |
(La/Yb)N 3 | 3.88 | 3.6 | 17.61 | 20.2 | 0.88 | 0.1 | 1.14 | 0.2 |
(La/Sm)N | 1.47 | 1.4 | 5.85 | 6.3 | 0.43 | 0.1 | 0.75 | 0.1 |
(Eu/Eu*)N 4 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.36 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.0 | 0.02 | 0.0 |
(Ce/Ce*)N | 1.75 | 0.6 | 1.25 | 0.2 | 2.24 | 0.9 | 2.83 | 0.3 |
LREE/HREE | 1.64 | 1.0 | 5.07 | 4.8 | 0.66 | 0.0 | 0.70 | 0.0 |
fO2 5 | −13.22 | 1.3 | −13.15 | 1.5 | −21.52 | 3.3 | −18.25 | 0.5 |
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Azadbakht, Z.; Lentz, D.R.; McFarlane, C.R.M. Apatite Chemical Compositions from Acadian-Related Granitoids of New Brunswick, Canada: Implications for Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis. Minerals 2018, 8, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120598
Azadbakht Z, Lentz DR, McFarlane CRM. Apatite Chemical Compositions from Acadian-Related Granitoids of New Brunswick, Canada: Implications for Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis. Minerals. 2018; 8(12):598. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120598
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzadbakht, Zeinab, David R. Lentz, and Christopher R.M. McFarlane. 2018. "Apatite Chemical Compositions from Acadian-Related Granitoids of New Brunswick, Canada: Implications for Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis" Minerals 8, no. 12: 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120598