Age and Formation Conditions of U Mineralization in the Litsa Area and the Salla-Kuolajarvi Zone (Kola Region, Russia)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- The early REE-Th-U mineralization (2750–2650 Ma) in pegmatoid granites and quartz-plagioclase metasomatites (Skal’noe and Dikoe occurrences);
- (2)
- U mineralization (2200–2100 Ma) in chlorite-albite metasomatites and albitites (Polyarnoe, Namvara and Cheptjavr occurrences);
- (3)
- Th-U (1850–1750 Ma) mineralization in quartz-albite-microcline and quartz-microcline metasomatites (Beregovoe area);
- (4)
- U mineralization (400–300 Ma) in chlorite-hydromica-albite metasomatites (Litsevskoe, Beregovoe areas). The last two types of mineralization are manifested to a lower extent at all occurrences of the Litsa area, but developed predominantly at Litsevskoe and Beregovoe areas. The Paleozoic uranium mineralization is the most significant and well-studied one [4,5]).
2. Geological Setting
2.1. The Litsa Area
2.2. The Salla-Kuolajarvi Zone
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Rock Samples
3.1.1. Dikoe Occurrence
3.1.2. Skal’noe Occurrence
3.1.3. Ozernoe Occurrence
3.2. Analytical Methods
4. Results
4.1. The Litsa Area
4.2. The Salla-Kuolajarvi Zone
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Afanas’eva, E.N.; Mikhailov, V.A.; Bylinskaya, L.V.; Lipner, A.A.; Serov, L.V. The Uranium Potential of the Kola Peninsula. Mater. Geol. Uranium Rare- Rare-Earth-Metal Depos. Inf. Dig. 2009, 153, 18–26. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Afanas’eva, E.N.; Mironov, Y.B. Metallogeny of uranium of the Baltic shield. Explor. Prot. Bowels Earth 2015, No. 10. 82–88. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Kalinin, A.A.; Savchenko, E.E.; Selivanova, E.A. Renium- and selenium-containing molybdenite of the Ozernoe ore occurrence in the Salla-Kuolajarvi zone, North Karelia. Proc. RMS 2013, 142, 105–115. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Savitsky, A.V.; Gromov, Y.A.; Mel’nikov, E.V.; Sharikov, P.I. Uranium mineralization in the Litsa district of the Kola Peninsula (Russia). Geol. Ore Depos. 1995, 37, 403–416. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Serov, L. Métallogenèse de l’uranium dans la région de Litsa (Péninsule de Kola, Russie). Ph.D. Thesis, Nancy Université Henry Poincaré (en Géosciences), Nancy, France, 24 June 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Konstantinov, A.K.; Maskovtsev, G.A.; Miguta, A.K.; Shumilin, M.V.; Schetochkin, V.N. Uranium Ores of Russia; VIMS: Moscow, Russia, 2010; 850p, ISBN 978-5-901837-63-4. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Dahlkamp, F.J. Uranium Deposits of the World: USA and Latin America; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2010; 520p. [Google Scholar]
- Glebovitsky, V.A. Early Precambrian of the Baltic Shield; Nauka: S.-Petersburg, Russia, 2005; 711p, ISBN 5-02-024950-5. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Manninen, T.; Huhma, H. Radiometric age determinations from Finnish Lapland and their bearing on the timing of Precambrian volcano-sedimentary sequences. In Geological Survey of Finland Special Paper; Vaasjoki, M., Ed.; Geological Survey of Finland: Rovaniemy, Finland, 2001; Volume 33, pp. 201–209. [Google Scholar]
- Lehtinen, M.; Nurmi, P.A.; Rämö, O.T. (Eds.) Precambrian Geology of Finland—Key to the Evolution of the Fennoscandian Shield; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2005; p. 736. ISBN 13:9780444514219. [Google Scholar]
- Safonov, Y.G.; Volkov, A.B.; Wolfson, A.A.; Genkin, A.D.; Krylova, T.L.; Chugaev, A.V. The Maisk quartz gold deposit (northern Karelia): Geological, mineralogical, and geochemical studies and some genetic problems. Geol. Ore Depos. 2003, 45, 429–451. [Google Scholar]
- Krogh, T.E. A low-contamination method for hydrothermal decomposition of zircons and extraction of U and Pb for isotopic age determinations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1973, 37, 485–494. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- NBS SRM 982: Equal-Atom Lead Isotopic Standard; National Bureau of Standards (Now as National Institute of Standards and Technology): Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 1979–1980; p. 53.
- Ludwig, K.R. User’s Manual for Isoplot, v. 3.0, A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel; Berkeley Geochronolgy Center: Berkeley, CA, USA, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Faure, G. Principles of Isotope Geology; John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1986; p. 589. ISBN 0-471-86412-9. [Google Scholar]
- Robb, L. Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes; Blackwell Publishing Company: Malden, MA, USA, 2005; p. 343. ISBN 0-632-06378-5. [Google Scholar]
- Kato, T.; Suzuki, K.; Adachi, M. Computer program for the CHIME age calculation. J. Earth Planet. Sci. Nagoya Univ. 1999, 46, 49–56. [Google Scholar]
- Skuf’in, P.K.; Bayanova, T.B.; Smolkin, V.F.; Apanasevich, E.A.; Levkovich, N.V. The Problem of granite genesis in Early Proterozoic riftogenic belts with reference to the Southern Pechenga zone, Kola Peninsula. Geochem. Int. 2003, 41, 236–244. [Google Scholar]
- Vinogradov, A.I.; Vinogradova, G.V. Evolution of ultrametagenetic and diaphthoric processes and associated U–Th and REE mineral genesis in the polymetamorphic complex of the Kola gneisses. In Early Precambrian Metamorphism and Metamorphogenetic Ore Formation; KFAN: Apatity, Russia, 1984; pp. 37–46. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Mezger, K.; Hanson, G.N.; Bohlen, S.R. High-precision U-Pb ages of metamorphic rutile: Application to the cooling history of high-grade terranes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1989, 96, 106–118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kazansky, V.I.; Lobanov, K.V. On boundaries and metallogeny of Pechenga ore area. Geol. Ore Depos. 1996, 38, 103–109. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Vetrin, V.F. Proterozoic processes of magmatism and metasomatism in the Archaean rocks of the Pechenga paleorift basement. Vestnik MSTU 2007, 10, 116–129. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Smolkin, V.F. Kola (Pechenga-Varzuga) riftogenic system. In Magmatism and Metallogeny of Riftogenic Systems of the East Baltic Shield; Scheglov, A.D., Ed.; Nedra: S.-Petersburg, Russia, 1993; pp. 24–63. ISBN 5-247-03093-1. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- Bea, F.; Arzamastsev, A.; Montero, P.; Arzamastseva, L. Anomalous alkaline rocks of Soustov, Kola: evidence of mantle-derived metasomatic fluids affecting crustal materials. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 2001, 140, 554–566. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vetrin, V.F. Duration of the formation and sources of the granitoids of the Litsk-Araguba Complex, Kola Peninsula. Geochem. Int. 2014, 52, 33–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smolkin, V.F.; Lokhov, K.I.; Skublov, S.G.; Sergeeva, L.Y.; Lokhov, D.K.; Sergeev, S.A. Paleoproterozoic Keulik–Kenirim Ore-Bearing Gabbro–Peridotite Complex, Kola Region: A New Occurrence of Ferropicritic Magmatism. Geol. Ore Depos. 2018, 60, 142–171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kramm, U.; Kogarko, L.N.; Kononova, V.A.; Vartiainen, H. The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise Rb-Sr ages define 380–360 age range for all magmatism. Lithos 1993, 30, 33–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Fraction No | Fraction Weight, mg | Lead Isotope Composition | Isotope Ratios | Rho 1 | Age, Ma | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
206Pb 204Pb | 206Pb 207Pb | 206Pb 208Pb | 207Pb 235U | ±2σ% | 206Pb 238U | ±2σ% | 207Pb 206Pb | |||
Uraninite (samples TK-19 and TK-20) | ||||||||||
TK-20-1 | 0.2 | 53,119 | 8.3205 | 131.7 | 6.782 | 0.7 | 0.3505 | 0.7 | 0.97 | 2231 + 1 |
TK-20-2 | 0.7 | 81,150 | 7.5912 | 116.1 | 5.201 | 0.7 | 0.2779 | 0.7 | 0.79 | 2173 + 5 |
TK-20-3 | 0.2 | 78,525 | 7.5842 | 131.4 | 4.058 | 1.0 | 0.2269 | 0.8 | 0.95 | 2094 + 3 |
TK-19-1 | 0.1 | 30,018 | 7.2421 | 78.5 | 6.208 | 1.6 | 0.3271 | 1.6 | 0.99 | 2198 + 2 |
TK-19-2 | 0.2 | 16,000 | 7.3829 | 19.4 | 5.402 | 0.7 | 0.2910 | 0.7 | 0.60 | 2159 + 8 |
Monazite (samples TK-20 and TK-22) | ||||||||||
TK-20 | 2.0 | 11,860 | 5.9406 | 0.4441 | 9.943 | 3.6 | 0.4311 | 3.6 | 0.99 | 2531 + 3 |
TK-22-1 | 1.2 | 19,200 | 5.8612 | 0.4491 | 11.592 | 5.0 | 0.4947 | 5.0 | 0.99 | 2556 + 2 |
TK-22-2 | 0.9 | 10,450 | 5.8733 | 0.4460 | 11.197 | 4.3 | 0.4803 | 4.3 | 0.99 | 2548 + 2 |
Rutile (sample KP-19) | ||||||||||
Rt 1 | 2.2 | 2049 | 11.1467 | 41.4056 | 1.3217 | 1.2 | 0.1153 | 0.5 | 0.49 | 1273 ± 20 |
Rt 2 | 1.5 | 1042 | 8.4938 | 22.9735 | 3.8689 | 0.5 | 0.2673 | 0.5 | 0.65 | 1714 ± 7 |
Rt 3 | 2.5 | 1220 | 8.9060 | 23.8900 | 4.3402 | 0.5 | 0.2951 | 0.5 | 0.77 | 1743 ± 8 |
Brannerite (sample KP-19) | ||||||||||
Br 1 | 0.2 | 11,350 | 16.1249 | 149.95 | 0.5732 | 0.5 | 0.0683 | 0.5 | 0.95 | 634 ± 3 |
Br 2 | 0.6 | 17,300 | 16.0905 | 159.12 | 0.6501 | 0.5 | 0.0729 | 0.5 | 0.99 | 764 ± 2 |
Br 3 | 0.1 | 11,100 | 18.2989 | 120.33 | 0.4473 | 0.5 | 0.0607 | 0.5 | 0.85 | 347 ± 4 |
Mineral | Concentration, ppm | Rb87/Sr86 | Sr87/Sr86 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rb | Sr | |||
Vein granitoid (sample TK-20, Dikoe area) | ||||
WR | 147.2 | 284.6 | 1.45918 | 0.75449 |
Bt (biotite) | 489.2 | 17.9 | 77.2309 | 2.89697 |
Kfs (K-feldspar) | 322.6 | 294.7 | 3.08889 | 0.76814 |
Ms (muscovite) | 263.4 | 32.4 | 22.9352 | 1.27698 |
Pl (plagioclase) | 32.3 | 516.5 | 0.17640 | 0.72165 |
Plagiogranite (sample KT-1, Skal’noe area) | ||||
WR | 38.9 | 549.4 | 0.19992 | 0.70817 |
Ap (apatite) | 4.3 | 431.6 | 0.02837 | 0.70360 |
Pl (plagioclase) | 58.4 | 736.1 | 0.22396 | 0.70969 |
Bt (biotite) | 572.5 | 20.5 | 78.7900 | 2.86556 |
Plagiogranite (sample KT-2, Skal’noe area) | ||||
WR | 38.3 | 572.1 | 0.18898 | 0.71027 |
Pl (plagioclase) | 30.6 | 832.6 | 0.10376 | 0.70696 |
Ap (apatite) | 6.1 | 421.7 | 0.04081 | 0.70519 |
Bt (biotite) | 519.9 | 13.4 | 109.222 | 4.44183 |
Albitite (sample KP-19, Ozernoe area) | ||||
WR (whole rock) | 9.49 | 66.5 | 0.402633 | 0.72601 |
Ab (albite) | 2.26 | 64.5 | 0.098858 | 0.71819 |
Ap (apatite) | 1.33 | 390 | 0.009617 | 0.71585 |
Bt (biotite) | 234 | 4.36 | 151.4238 | 4.52693 |
Dol (dolomite) | 7.55 | 40.5 | 0.525965 | 0.71778 |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Kaulina, T.V.; Kalinin, A.A.; Il’chenko, V.L.; Gannibal, M.A.; Avedisyan, A.A.; Elizarov, D.V.; Nerovich, L.I.; Nitkina, E.A. Age and Formation Conditions of U Mineralization in the Litsa Area and the Salla-Kuolajarvi Zone (Kola Region, Russia). Minerals 2018, 8, 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120563
Kaulina TV, Kalinin AA, Il’chenko VL, Gannibal MA, Avedisyan AA, Elizarov DV, Nerovich LI, Nitkina EA. Age and Formation Conditions of U Mineralization in the Litsa Area and the Salla-Kuolajarvi Zone (Kola Region, Russia). Minerals. 2018; 8(12):563. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120563
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaulina, Tatiana V., Arkady A. Kalinin, Vadim L. Il’chenko, Marja A. Gannibal, Anaid A. Avedisyan, Dmitry V. Elizarov, Lyudmila I. Nerovich, and Elena A. Nitkina. 2018. "Age and Formation Conditions of U Mineralization in the Litsa Area and the Salla-Kuolajarvi Zone (Kola Region, Russia)" Minerals 8, no. 12: 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120563