Radioactivity of Natural Nuclides (40K, 238U, 232Th, 226Ra) in Coals from Eastern Yunnan, China

The naturally occurring primordial radionuclides in coals might exhibit high radioactivity, and can be exported to the surrounding environment during coal combustion. In this study, nine coal samples were collected from eastern Yunnan coal deposits, China, aiming at characterizing the overall radioactivity of some typical nuclides (i.e., ⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra) and assessing their ecological impact. The mean activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and ²²⁶Ra are 63.86 (17.70–92.30 Bq· kg^-1), 23.76 (11.10–37.10 Bq· kg^-1), 96.84 (30.60–229.30 Bq· kg^-1) and 28.09 Bq·kg^-1 (3.10–61.80 Bq·kg^-1), respectively. Both 238U and 232Th have high correlations with ash yield of coals, suggesting their inorganic origins. The overall environmental effect of natural radionuclides in studied coals is considered to be negligible, as assessed by related indexes (i.e., radium equivalent activity, air-adsorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and external hazard index). However, the absorbed dose rates values are higher than the average value of global primordial radiation and the Chinese natural gamma radiation dose rate.