Systematic Evaluation for the Impact of the Geological Conditions on the Adsorption Affinities of Calcite as an Adsorbent of Zn2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. Materials and Characterization
2.2. Batch Adsorption Studies
2.3. Theoretical Traditional and Advanced Equilibrium Studies
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of pH
3.2. Kinetic Studies
3.2.1. Effect of Contact Time
3.2.2. Intra-Particle Diffusion Behavior
3.2.3. Kinetic Modeling
3.3. Equilibrium Studies
3.3.1. Effect of Zn (II) Concentrations
3.3.2. Giles’s Classification
3.3.3. Classic Isotherm Models
3.3.4. Advanced Isotherm Models
Steric Properties
- Number of Adsorbed Zn (II) (n (Zn)) per Site
- Occupied Active Site Density (Nm (Zn))
- Adsorption Capacity at the Saturation State the Calcite Phases (Qsat (Zn))
Energetic Properties
- Retention Energy
- Thermodynamic Functions
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kinetic Models | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model | Parameters | Values | |
CA | Pseudo-first-order | K1 (1/min) | 0.0027 |
Qe(Cal) (mg/g) | 232.06 | ||
R2 | 0.93 | ||
X2 | 5.6 | ||
Pseudo-second-order | k2 (mg/g min) | 5.35 × 10−6 | |
Qe(Cal) (mg/g) | 342.5 | ||
R2 | 0.91 | ||
X2 | 7.2 | ||
L.CA | Pseudo-first-order | K1 (1/min) | 0.0054 |
Qe(Cal) (mg/g) | 223.8 | ||
R2 | 0.92 | ||
X2 | 5.4 | ||
Pseudo-second-order | k2 (mg/g min) | 1.61 × 10−5 | |
Qe(Cal) (mg/g) | 284.2 | ||
R2 | 0.89 | ||
X2 | 8.3 | ||
M.CA | Pseudo-first-order | K1 (1/min) | 0.0051 |
Qe(Cal) (mg/g) | 259.6 | ||
R2 | 0.96 | ||
X2 | 4.2 | ||
Pseudo-second-order | k2 (mg/g min) | 1.35 × 10−5 | |
Qe(Cal) (mg/g) | 329.2 | ||
R2 | 0.94 | ||
X2 | 6.7 |
303 K | 313 K | 323 K | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CA | Langmuir model | Qmax (mg/g) | 352.15 | 442.3 | 506.24 |
b(L/mg) | 0.0138 | 0.0146 | 0.0153 | ||
R2 | 0.84 | 0.822 | 0.86 | ||
X2 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 4.8 | ||
Freundlich model | 1/n | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.39 | |
kF (mg/g) | 30.46 | 38.39 | 44.45 | ||
R2 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.75 | ||
X2 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 6.2 | ||
D-R model | β (mol2/KJ2) | 0.0055 | 0.0049 | 0.0042 | |
Qm (mg/g) | 278.2 | 351.7 | 399.23 | ||
R2 | 0.97. | 0.97 | 0.97 | ||
X2 | 1.03 | 1.62 | 1.62 | ||
E (KJ/mol) | 9.46 | 10.1 | 10.7 | ||
L.CA | Langmuir model | Qmax (mg/g) | 323.27 | 329.07 | 339.7 |
b(L/mg) | 0.01 | 0.014 | 0.019 | ||
R2 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.83 | ||
X2 | 6.77 | 6.21 | 5.7 | ||
Freundlich model | 1/n | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.32 | |
kF (mg/g) | 20.23 | 65.9 | 45.6 | ||
R2 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 0.68 | ||
X2 | 8.78 | 9.2 | 8.5 | ||
D-R model | β (mol2/KJ2) | 0.0073 | 0.0062 | 0.0055 | |
Qm (mg/g) | 247.69 | 265.09 | 285.46 | ||
R2 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.95 | ||
X2 | 3.9 | 3.55 | 1.75 | ||
E (KJ/mol) | 8.27 | 8.98 | 9.5 | ||
M.CA | Langmuir model | Qmax (mg/g) | 535.3 | 630.35 | 727.5 |
b(L/mg) | 0.01 | 0.011 | 0.012 | ||
R2 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.82 | ||
X2 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 6.7 | ||
Freundlich model | 1/n | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.47 | |
kF (mg/g) | 27.98 | 34.4 | 40.4 | ||
R2 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.73 | ||
X2 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 8.8 | ||
D-R model | β (mol2/KJ2) | 0.0063 | 0.0053 | 0.0045 | |
Qm (mg/g) | 396.5 | 467.4 | 537 | ||
R2 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | ||
X2 | 3.01 | 4.01 | 4.58 | ||
E (KJ/mol) | 8.16 | 9.7 | 10.5 |
Advanced Isotherm Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Steric and Energetic Parameters | ||||
303 K | 313 K | 323 K | ||
CA | R2 | 0.998 | 0.999 | 0.999 |
X2 | 0.09 | 0.002 | 0.06 | |
n | 4.35 | 4.31 | 3.39 | |
Nm (mg/g) | 61.5 | 76.17 | 113.46 | |
Qsat (mg/g) | 267.5 | 333.62 | 384.62 | |
C1/2 (mg/L) | 42.43 | 39.95 | 38.83 | |
ΔE (kJ/mol) | 10.49 | 10.99 | 11.42 | |
L.CA | R2 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 |
X2 | 0.019 | 0.016 | 0.016 | |
n | 7.32 | 7.12 | 5.247 | |
Nm (mg/g) | 31.7 | 35.3 | 52.4 | |
Qsat (mg/g) | 232.0 | 251.3 | 274.5 | |
C1/2 (mg/L) | 45.15 | 40.86 | 36.11 | |
ΔE (kJ/mol) | 10.33 | 10.93 | 11.61 | |
M.CA | R2 | 0.999 | 0.995 | 0.998 |
X2 | 0.021 | 0.62 | 1.76 | |
n | 5.07 | 5.8 | 6.19 | |
Nm (mg/g) | 73.8 | 76.78 | 82.8 | |
Qsat (mg/g) | 374.2 | 445.3 | 512.5 | |
C1/2 (mg/L) | 43.56 | 38.94 | 35.4 | |
ΔE (kJ/mol) | 10.4 | 11.1 | 11.67 |
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Nasser, N.; El-Sayed, M.I.; Othman, S.I.; Allam, A.A.; Al-Labadi, I.G.; Abukhadra, M.R.; Bellucci, S. Systematic Evaluation for the Impact of the Geological Conditions on the Adsorption Affinities of Calcite as an Adsorbent of Zn2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Minerals 2022, 12, 1635. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121635
Nasser N, El-Sayed MI, Othman SI, Allam AA, Al-Labadi IG, Abukhadra MR, Bellucci S. Systematic Evaluation for the Impact of the Geological Conditions on the Adsorption Affinities of Calcite as an Adsorbent of Zn2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Minerals. 2022; 12(12):1635. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121635
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasser, Nourhan, Mohamed I. El-Sayed, Sarah I. Othman, Ahmed A. Allam, Ibrahim G. Al-Labadi, Mostafa R. Abukhadra, and Stefano Bellucci. 2022. "Systematic Evaluation for the Impact of the Geological Conditions on the Adsorption Affinities of Calcite as an Adsorbent of Zn2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Experimental and Theoretical Studies" Minerals 12, no. 12: 1635. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121635