Archaeometric Classification of Scattered Marble Fragments to Help the Reconstruction of Statues
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampled Materials
2.2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Petrography
3.2. Stable Isotopes
3.3. Cathodoluminescence
3.3.1. CL Facies
3.3.2. CL Color Clustering
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Label | MNAT Ref. | Excavation Ref. | Description | Context (Year) | Archaeological Hypothesis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 45406 | - | Antinous head | RB 1, cistern (1969) | Antinous |
2 | 45406 | Antinous torso | RB 1, corridor (1995–1996) | Antinous | |
3 | - | - | Right shoulder | unknown (1960–1970) | Antinous? |
4 | 46589 | EM-96-4501-1 | Pedestal with right food and animal legs | RB 1, room 4500, UE 4501 (1996) | Antinous? |
5 | - | EM-1969 | Undetermined anatomical fragment (leg?) | RB 1. Last room in northern corridor, layer III (1969) | Antinous? |
6 | - | EM-96-4601-1 | Arm fragment | RB 1. Room 4600, UE 4601 (1996) | Antinous? |
7 | - | - | Forearm fragment? | RB 1. Last room in northern corridor, layer III (1969) | - |
8 | - | - | Knee fragment | unknown (1960–1970) | Antinous? |
9 | - | - | Forearm fragment? with indetermined attribute | unknown (1960–1970) | - |
10 | - | EM-95-4108-20bis | Puntello fragment | RB 1. Corridor, UE 4108 (1995) | - |
11 | - | EM-95-4108-4/EM-96-4310 | Right-top part of a torso of a statue with aegis (split in two fragments) | RB 1. Corridor, UE 4108 (1995) and Room 4300, UE 4310 (1996) | Minerva? |
12 | - | EM-95-4108-5 | Left hand with undetermined object | RB 1. Corridor, UE 4108 (1995) | Antinous? |
13 | - | EM-95-4102-14 | Right forearm fragment? includes puntello | RB 1. Corridor, UE 4102 (1995) | Antinous? |
14 | 46558 | EM-96-4306-1 | Fragment of forearm and hand with shield (split in two fragments) | RB 1 ‘Stuccos trench’ (1968) and Room 4300, UE 4310 (1996) | Minerva? |
15 | - | EM-96-4511-1 | Statue dressed in peplos? | RB 1, room 4500, UE 4511 (1996) | Minerva? |
16 | - | - | Body fragment of an indetermined animal | Presumably from the RB 1. Corridor, UE 4102 (1995) | Minerva? |
Sample | Texture | MGS (mm) | MFS (mm) | GBS | CL Intensity | CL Texture | δ13C (‰) | δ18O (‰) | Hypothesized Provenance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Het/Mos | 2.08 | 0.6–1.2 | C | LL | Hom | 2.34 | −3.14 | Paros-2 |
2 | Het/Mos | 2.16 | 0.5–1.5 | C | LL | Hom | 2.33 | −3.20 | Paros-2 |
3 | Het/Mor | 2.56 | 0.7–1.2 | E/C | LL | Hom | 2.39 | −3.07 | Paros-2/Prokonnesos |
4 | Het/Mos | 2.40 | 0.6–1.0 | C/E | LL | Het/Mot | 1.65 | −3.43 | Paros-2 |
5 | Hom/Mos | 1.72 | 0.7–1.3 | C | M-L | Het | 2.07 | −3.17 | Carrara/Göktepe |
6 1 | - | 2.00 | - | - | LL | Hom | 2.18 | −3.28 | Paros-2 |
7 | Het/Mos to Mor | 2.40 | 0.8–1.4 | C/E | LL | Hom | 1.91 | −3.25 | Paros-2/Prokonnesos |
8 | Het/Mos | 2.64 | 0.8–1.7 | C/E | LL | Het/Mot | 1.26 | −3.99 | Paros-2 |
9 | Het/Mos | 2.16 | 0.8–1.4 | C/E | LL | Het/Mot | 1.92 | −3.61 | Paros-2 |
10 1 | Het/Mos | 1.26 | 0.5–1.0 | C/E | LL | Het/Mot | 2.13 | −4.03 | Paros-2/Pentelikon? |
11 | Het/Mos | 2.32 | 0.8–1.2 | C/E | LL | Het | 2.36 | −3.61 | Paros-2 |
12 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.13 | −3.66 | Paros-2 |
13 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.21 | −3.52 | Paros-2 |
14 1 | Het/Mos | 1.28 | 0.5–0.6 | C | LL | Het/Bo | 1.93 | −4.68 | Paros-2/Pentelikon? |
15 | Het/Mos | 2.56 | 0.7–1.7 | C | LL | Het/Bo | 2.14 | −4.89 | Paros-2 |
16 | Het/Mos | 2.48 | 0.6–1.5 | C/E | LL | Het | 1.26 | −3.60 | Paros-2 |
Sample | Average Pixel | Color | Number of Clusters | Color Clusters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | G | B | % | R | G | B | Color | |||
1 | 28 | 34 | 67 | 2 | 55 | 22 | 28 | 62 | ||
45 | 32 | 38 | 72 | |||||||
2 | 29 | 38 | 82 | 2 | 62 | 23 | 31 | 77 | ||
38 | 37 | 43 | 91 | |||||||
3 | 27 | 32 | 68 | 2 | 75 | 23 | 29 | 65 | ||
25 | 38 | 43 | 81 | |||||||
4 | 42 | 33 | 59 | 3 | 47 | 46 | 34 | 58 | ||
37 | 24 | 25 | 55 | |||||||
15 | 70 | 46 | 70 | |||||||
5 | 113 | 60 | 60 | 2 | 70 | 135 | 67 | 64 | ||
30 | 55 | 35 | 62 | |||||||
6 | 30 | 35 | 63 | 2 | 62 | 24 | 31 | 59 | ||
38 | 35 | 42 | 70 | |||||||
7 | 14 | 28 | 66 | 2 | 65 | 20 | 35 | 74 | ||
35 | 11 | 25 | 62 | |||||||
8 | 58 | 44 | 66 | 3 | 42 | 56 | 43 | 63 | ||
33 | 79 | 52 | 71 | |||||||
25 | 28 | 29 | 60 | |||||||
9 | 58 | 41 | 60 | 3 | 43 | 42 | 30 | 52 | ||
43 | 64 | 45 | 64 | |||||||
14 | 92 | 59 | 80 | |||||||
10 | 35 | 31 | 52 | 2 | 65 | 45 | 40 | 60 | ||
35 | 27 | 27 | 51 | |||||||
11 | 34 | 26 | 47 | 8 | 32 | 28 | 26 | 50 | ||
22 | 23 | 19 | 42 | |||||||
12 | 35 | 32 | 54 | |||||||
12 | 36 | 28 | 43 | |||||||
10 | 46 | 29 | 47 | |||||||
5 | 62 | 40 | 52 | |||||||
4 | 43 | 42 | 60 | |||||||
3 | 76 | 49 | 56 | |||||||
14 | 55 | 39 | 55 | 2 | 62 | 87 | 51 | 55 | ||
38 | 31 | 31 | 57 | |||||||
15 | 49 | 40 | 60 | 2 | 63 | 71 | 49 | 70 | ||
37 | 30 | 31 | 59 | |||||||
16 | 34 | 31 | 57 | 3 | 51 | 57 | 48 | 67 | ||
36 | 42 | 32 | 57 | |||||||
12 | 25 | 26 | 57 |
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Casas, L.; Di Febo, R.; Ruiz, J.C.; Brilli, M.; Antonelli, F.; Martín-Martín, J.D. Archaeometric Classification of Scattered Marble Fragments to Help the Reconstruction of Statues. Minerals 2022, 12, 1614. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121614
Casas L, Di Febo R, Ruiz JC, Brilli M, Antonelli F, Martín-Martín JD. Archaeometric Classification of Scattered Marble Fragments to Help the Reconstruction of Statues. Minerals. 2022; 12(12):1614. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121614
Chicago/Turabian StyleCasas, Lluís, Roberta Di Febo, Julio César Ruiz, Mauro Brilli, Fabrizio Antonelli, and Juan Diego Martín-Martín. 2022. "Archaeometric Classification of Scattered Marble Fragments to Help the Reconstruction of Statues" Minerals 12, no. 12: 1614. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121614
APA StyleCasas, L., Di Febo, R., Ruiz, J. C., Brilli, M., Antonelli, F., & Martín-Martín, J. D. (2022). Archaeometric Classification of Scattered Marble Fragments to Help the Reconstruction of Statues. Minerals, 12(12), 1614. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121614