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Article

Exploring Offshore Sediment Evidence of the 1755 CE Tsunami (Faro, Portugal): Implications for the Study of Outer Shelf Tsunami Deposits

by
Vincent Kümmerer
1,*,
Teresa Drago
2,3,
Cristina Veiga-Pires
1,
Pedro F. Silva
3,4,
Vitor Magalhães
2,3,
Anxo Mena
5,
Ana Lopes
2,6,
Ana Isabel Rodrigues
2,
Sabine Schmidt
7,
Pedro Terrinha
2,3 and
Maria Ana Baptista
3,4
1
CIMA—Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, FCT, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
2
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, 1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal
3
Instituto Dom Luiz, Universitdade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
4
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959/007 Lisboa, Portugal
5
Departamento de Xeociências Mariñas e Ordenación do Território Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
6
Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
7
CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2020, 10(9), 731; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090731
Submission received: 30 June 2020 / Revised: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 August 2020 / Published: 19 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Tsunamites and Other High-energy Deposits)
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Abstract

Outer shelf sedimentary records are promising for determining the recurrence intervals of tsunamis. However, compared to onshore deposits, offshore deposits are more difficult to access, and so far, studies of outer shelf tsunami deposits are scarce. Here, an example of studying these deposits is presented to infer implications for tsunami-related signatures in similar environments and potentially contribute to pre-historic tsunami event detections. A multidisciplinary approach was performed to detect the sedimentary imprints left by the 1755 CE tsunami in two cores, located in the southern Portuguese continental shelf at water depths of 58 and 91 m. Age models based on 14C and 210Pbxs allowed a probable correspondence with the 1755 CE tsunami event. A multi-proxy approach, including sand composition, grain-size, inorganic geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, and microtextural features on quartz grain surfaces, yielded evidence for a tsunami depositional signature, although only a subtle terrestrial signal is present. A low contribution of terrestrial material to outer shelf tsunami deposits calls for methodologies that reveal sedimentary structures linked to tsunami event hydrodynamics. Finally, a change in general sedimentation after the tsunami event might have influenced the signature of the 1755 CE tsunami in the outer shelf environment.
Keywords: 1755 CE tsunami; backwash; Holocene sediments; high-energy event; offshore tsunami sediments; quartz microtexture 1755 CE tsunami; backwash; Holocene sediments; high-energy event; offshore tsunami sediments; quartz microtexture

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kümmerer, V.; Drago, T.; Veiga-Pires, C.; Silva, P.F.; Magalhães, V.; Mena, A.; Lopes, A.; Rodrigues, A.I.; Schmidt, S.; Terrinha, P.; et al. Exploring Offshore Sediment Evidence of the 1755 CE Tsunami (Faro, Portugal): Implications for the Study of Outer Shelf Tsunami Deposits. Minerals 2020, 10, 731. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090731

AMA Style

Kümmerer V, Drago T, Veiga-Pires C, Silva PF, Magalhães V, Mena A, Lopes A, Rodrigues AI, Schmidt S, Terrinha P, et al. Exploring Offshore Sediment Evidence of the 1755 CE Tsunami (Faro, Portugal): Implications for the Study of Outer Shelf Tsunami Deposits. Minerals. 2020; 10(9):731. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090731

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kümmerer, Vincent, Teresa Drago, Cristina Veiga-Pires, Pedro F. Silva, Vitor Magalhães, Anxo Mena, Ana Lopes, Ana Isabel Rodrigues, Sabine Schmidt, Pedro Terrinha, and et al. 2020. "Exploring Offshore Sediment Evidence of the 1755 CE Tsunami (Faro, Portugal): Implications for the Study of Outer Shelf Tsunami Deposits" Minerals 10, no. 9: 731. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090731

APA Style

Kümmerer, V., Drago, T., Veiga-Pires, C., Silva, P. F., Magalhães, V., Mena, A., Lopes, A., Rodrigues, A. I., Schmidt, S., Terrinha, P., & Baptista, M. A. (2020). Exploring Offshore Sediment Evidence of the 1755 CE Tsunami (Faro, Portugal): Implications for the Study of Outer Shelf Tsunami Deposits. Minerals, 10(9), 731. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090731

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