Formation of Natural Silicate Hydrates by the Interaction of Alkaline Seepage and Sediments Derived from Serpentinized Ultramafic Rocks at Narra, Palawan, the Philippines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Site Description and Samples
3. Methods
4. Results
4.1. Carbon Isotope Measurements
4.2. XRD Analysis of Randomly Oriented Samples
4.3. FESEM-EDS Analysis
4.4. XRD Analysis of the <2-µm Fractions
4.5. Thermodynamic Calculation
5. Discussion
5.1. Depositional Age and Environment
5.2. Primary Minerals in the Clastic Sediments
5.3. Fe-Mg-Si Infillings
5.4. Ca-Si Infillings
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Minerals | Mineral Species in Database | Chemical Composition |
---|---|---|
Serpentine | Lizardite | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 |
Chrysotile | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 | |
Olivine | Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Fayalite | Fe2SiO4 | |
Orthopyroxene | Enstatite, alpha | MgSiO3 |
Ferrosilite, alpha | FeSiO3 | |
Clinopyroxene | Diopside | CaMg(SiO3)2 |
Amphibole | Tremolite | (Ca2Mg5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Ferrotremolite | (Ca2Fe5)Si8O22(OH)2 | |
Pargasite | Na(Ca2Mg4Al)(Al2Si6)O22(OH)2 | |
Ferropargasite | Na(Ca2Fe4Al)(Al2Si6)O22(OH)2 | |
Cummingtonite | Mg7Si8O22(OH)2 | |
Anthophyllite | Mg7Si8O22(OH)2 | |
Talc | Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Chlorite | Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3)O10(OH)8 |
Plagioclase | Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2)O8 |
Quartz | Quartz, alpha | SiO2 |
Brucite | Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
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Sample | Depth [m] | 14C Age [14C yr BP] | Intensity of Broad 14 Å d-Spacing | d(001) after EG Treatment [Å] | d(060) [Å] | d(001) during Heating at 250 °C [Å] | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DH1-7 | 2.2 | 4520 | low | 15.9 | 1.53 | 14.6 | Type-I |
T4-3 | 2.8 | 5060 | middle | 16.4 | 1.53 | 13.6 + 10.1 | Type-II |
DH1-4 | 3.7 | 9010 | middle | 16.7 | 1.54 | 15.3 + 9.9 | Type-II |
T4-1 | 3.9 | 6300 | middle | 16.7 | 1.54 + 1.52 | 14.7 + 10.0 | Type-II + Type-III |
DH4-9 | 8 | 14,110 | high | 17.0 | 1.51 | 15.1 + 9.9 | Type-III |
DH3-1 | 10 | 15,000 | high | 17.0 | 1.51 | 14.9 + 9.9 | Type-III |
T7-7 | 0.7 | 4010 | middle–high | 17.0 | 1.51 | 14.6 + 10.1 | Type-III |
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Shimbashi, M.; Yokoyama, S.; Watanabe, Y.; Sato, T.; Otake, T.; Kikuchi, R.; Yamakawa, M.; Fujii, N. Formation of Natural Silicate Hydrates by the Interaction of Alkaline Seepage and Sediments Derived from Serpentinized Ultramafic Rocks at Narra, Palawan, the Philippines. Minerals 2020, 10, 719. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080719
Shimbashi M, Yokoyama S, Watanabe Y, Sato T, Otake T, Kikuchi R, Yamakawa M, Fujii N. Formation of Natural Silicate Hydrates by the Interaction of Alkaline Seepage and Sediments Derived from Serpentinized Ultramafic Rocks at Narra, Palawan, the Philippines. Minerals. 2020; 10(8):719. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080719
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimbashi, Misato, Shingo Yokoyama, Yasutaka Watanabe, Tsutomu Sato, Tsubasa Otake, Ryosuke Kikuchi, Minoru Yamakawa, and Naoki Fujii. 2020. "Formation of Natural Silicate Hydrates by the Interaction of Alkaline Seepage and Sediments Derived from Serpentinized Ultramafic Rocks at Narra, Palawan, the Philippines" Minerals 10, no. 8: 719. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080719