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Volume 13
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10.3390/sym13091676
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Article

Coupling between Trigeminal-Induced Asymmetries in Locus Coeruleus Activity and Cognitive Performance

by
Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi
1,†,
Ottavia Marconi
2,†,
Federica Simoni
2,†,
Vincenzo De Cicco
1,
Davide De Cicco
3,
Enrico Cataldo
4,
Massimo Barresi
5,
Luca Bruschini
1,
Paola d’Ascanio
1,
Ugo Faraguna
1,6,‡ and
Diego Manzoni
1,*,‡
1
Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
2
Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
3
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
4
Department of Physics, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
5
Comprehensive Middle School Albano, Albano S. Alessandro, 24122 Bergamo, Italy
6
Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
The authors contributed equally to the work.
‡
These authors shared senior co authorship.
Symmetry 2021, 13(9), 1676; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091676
Submission received: 29 June 2021 / Revised: 27 August 2021 / Accepted: 8 September 2021 / Published: 11 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain, Behavior and Cognition)
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Abstract

In humans, the asymmetry in the masseter electromyographic (EMG) activity during clenching is positively correlated with the degree of pupil size asymmetry (anisocoria) at rest. Anisocoria reveals an asymmetry in LC activity, which may lead to an imbalance in cortical excitability, detrimental to performance. Hereby, we investigated, in individual subjects, the possibility that occlusal correction, which decreases EMG asymmetry, improves performance by balancing LC activity. Cognitive performance, task-related mydriasis, and pupil size at rest were modified by changing the occlusal condition. Occlusal-related changes in performance and mydriasis were negatively correlated with anisocoria changes in only 12/20 subjects. Within this population, spontaneous fluctuations in mydriasis and anisocoria also appeared negatively coupled. Occlusal-related changes in performance and mydriasis were negatively correlated with those in average pupil size (a proxy of average LC activity) in 19/20 subjects. The strongest association was observed for the pupil changes occurring on the side with higher EMG activity during clenching. These findings indicate that the effects of occlusal conditions on cognitive performance were coupled to changes in the asymmetry of LC activity in about half of the subjects, while they were related to changes in the average tonic LC activity in virtually all of them.
Keywords: trigeminal input; trigeminal asymmetry; anisocoria; Locus Coeruleus; task-related mydriasis; cognitive performance trigeminal input; trigeminal asymmetry; anisocoria; Locus Coeruleus; task-related mydriasis; cognitive performance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tramonti Fantozzi, M.P.; Marconi, O.; Simoni, F.; De Cicco, V.; De Cicco, D.; Cataldo, E.; Barresi, M.; Bruschini, L.; d’Ascanio, P.; Faraguna, U.; et al. Coupling between Trigeminal-Induced Asymmetries in Locus Coeruleus Activity and Cognitive Performance. Symmetry 2021, 13, 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091676

AMA Style

Tramonti Fantozzi MP, Marconi O, Simoni F, De Cicco V, De Cicco D, Cataldo E, Barresi M, Bruschini L, d’Ascanio P, Faraguna U, et al. Coupling between Trigeminal-Induced Asymmetries in Locus Coeruleus Activity and Cognitive Performance. Symmetry. 2021; 13(9):1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091676

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tramonti Fantozzi, Maria Paola, Ottavia Marconi, Federica Simoni, Vincenzo De Cicco, Davide De Cicco, Enrico Cataldo, Massimo Barresi, Luca Bruschini, Paola d’Ascanio, Ugo Faraguna, and et al. 2021. "Coupling between Trigeminal-Induced Asymmetries in Locus Coeruleus Activity and Cognitive Performance" Symmetry 13, no. 9: 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091676

APA Style

Tramonti Fantozzi, M. P., Marconi, O., Simoni, F., De Cicco, V., De Cicco, D., Cataldo, E., Barresi, M., Bruschini, L., d’Ascanio, P., Faraguna, U., & Manzoni, D. (2021). Coupling between Trigeminal-Induced Asymmetries in Locus Coeruleus Activity and Cognitive Performance. Symmetry, 13(9), 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091676

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