1. Introduction
For numerical integration and approximations of definite integrals, Simpson’s rules are well-known techniques. Thomas Simpson (1710–1761) was the founder of these known techniques. These techniques are also called Kepler’s rules because Johannes Kepler used similar techniques for numerical integration about 100 years ago. Simpson’s rule contains the three-point Newton-Cotes quadrature rule, so estimates depended on the three-step quadratic core are sometimes called Newton-type results.
- (1)
Simpson’s quadrature formula (Simpson’s
rule)
- (2)
Simpson’s second formula or Newton–Cotes quadrature formula (Simpson’s
rule).
There are numerous estimations correlated to these quadrature rules in the literature, one of them is the subsequent estimation identified as Simpson’s inequality:
Theorem 1. Suppose that is a four times continuously differentiable mapping on and let Then, one has the inequality In recent years, especially over the past two decades, several authors have been engaged in the study of inequalities, including the Simpson’s various function classes (Symmetric or Asymmetric). Particularly, some mathematicians have dedicated the most to the study of Simpson and Newton-type consequences for functions with several kinds of generalized convexity, given that the theory of convexity it is an appropriate way to solve a huge number of problems appearing in different areas and subareas of applied and pure mathematics. For an instance, In Reference [
1], Dragomir et al. proved some new inequalities of Simpson’s type and gave some application of numerical integration using the obtained results. In Reference [
2], Alomari et al. used the notion of
s–convexity and proved some new inequalities of Simpson’s type with the application of numerical integration. Afterward, Sarikaya et al. observed the variants of Simpson’s type inequalities based on convexity in Reference [
3]. On the other hand, Özdemir et al. used the concept of co–ordinated convexity and proved Simpson’s type inequalities for double integrals in Reference [
4]. In Reference [
5,
6], the authors utilized the concept of harmonic and
p–harmonic convexities and gave some Newton-type inequalities. Moreover, Iftikhar et al. in Reference [
7] proved some new inequalities of Newton’s type for the functions whose local fractional derivatives are generalized convex.
On the other hand, quantum calculus or
q–calculus is sometimes referred to as calculus without limits. In this, we gain
q–analogs of mathematical items that maybe got back as
. The Nalli-Ward-Al-Salam
q–addition (NWA) and the Jackson-Hahn-Cigler
q-addition (JHC) are two kinds of
q-addition in this subject. The first one is commutative and associative, but at the same time, the second one is not. That’s why from time to time several
q–analogs exist. These operators form the basis of the method which associations hypergeometric collection and
q–hypergeometric collection and which gives numerous formulations of
q–calculus in a usual form. The history of quantum calculus may be traced reverse to Euler
who first added the
q in the tracks of Newton’s infinite series. In recent decades, numerous researchers have revealed a keen hobby in investigating quantum calculus accordingly it emerges as an interdisciplinary subject. This is, of course, the quantum analysis is extremely useful in numerous fields and has vast applications in different areas of natural sciences such as computer science and particle physics and furthermore acts as a vital tool for researchers working with analytic number theory or in theoretical physics. Quantum calculus can be considered as a link between Mathematics and Physics. Several scientists who employ quantum calculus are physicists, as quantum calculus has numerous applications in quantum group theory. For some recent consequences in quantum calculus concerned readers are referred to References [
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
13,
14].
In recent years, because of the importance of convexity in numerous fields of applied and pure mathematics, it has been significantly investigated. The theory of convexity and inequalities are strongly connected to each other, therefore various inequalities can be established inside the literature which are proved for convex, generalized convex and differentiable convex functions of single and double variables, see References [
15,
16,
17,
18,
19,
20,
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
26,
27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32].
Inspired by these ongoing studies, we establish some new quantum analogs of Newton’s inequalities for q–differentiable co-ordinated convex functions. This is the primary motivation of this paper. The ideas and strategies of the paper may open new venues for the further research in this field.
Throughout in this paper the real numbers .
2. Preliminaries of q–Calculus and Some Inequalities
In this section we present some required definitions and related inequalities about
q–calculus. For more information about
q–calculus, one can refer to References [
9,
10,
11].
Definition 1 ([
13])
. For a continuous function the q–derivative of F at is characterized by the expression The function
F is said to be
q–differentiable on
if
exists for all
. If
in (
1), then
, where
is the familiar
q-derivative of
F at
defined by the expression (see Reference [
12]):
Definition 2 ([
13])
. Let be a continuous function. Then, the -definite integral on is defined asfor .
We have to give the following notation which will be used many times in the next sections (see Reference [
12]):
Moreover, we will need the following lemma in our main results:
Lemma 1 ([
33])
. For the following equality holds: On the other hand, Bermudo et al. gave the following new definition and related Hermite– Hadamard type inequalities:
Definition 3 ([
17])
. Let be a continuous function. Then, the -definite integral on is defined asfor all .
Theorem 2 ([
17])
. If is a convex differentiable function on and . Then, we have the q-Hermite–Hadamard inequalities In Reference [
20], Latif defined
-integral and partial
q-derivatives for two variables functions as follows:
Definition 4. Suppose that is continuous function. Then, the definite -integral on is defined by for all
Lemma 2 ([
18])
. If the assumptions of Definition 4 holds, then Definition 5 ([
20])
. Let be a continuous function of two variables. Then the partial -derivatives, -derivatives and -derivatives at can be given as follows: For more details related to
q-integrals and derivatives for the functions of two variables one can see Reference [
20].
On the other hand, Budak et al. gave the following definitions of , and integrals and related inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard type:
Definition 6 ([
34])
. Suppose that is continuous function. Then the following and integrals on are defined byrespectively, for all
Theorem 3 ([
34])
. Let be a coordinated convex function on . Then we have the following inequalities:for all
Theorem 4 ([
34])
. Let be a coordinated convex function on . Then we have the following inequalities:for all
Theorem 5 ([
34])
. Let be a coordinated convex function on . Then we have the following inequalities:for all
Theorem 6. (-Hölder’s inequality for two variables functions, [20]). Let such that Then