Major Depression and Brain Asymmetry in a Decision-Making Task with Negative and Positive Feedback
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Lateralization in the Resting Frontal EEG as a Marker of Depression
1.2. Resting Frontal Asymmetry as a Trait-Like or State-Like Measurement
1.3. Decision Making in Depression and Brain Asymmetry
1.4. ERPs in Depressed Patients
1.5. Study Aims
- Lateralization of alpha during rest. Based on previous research we hypothesized that the MDD group would be characterized by lower right alpha power (i.e., right cortical hyperactivity) during the resting state.
- Lateralization of decision-making stages. We anticipated a stronger right hemisphere response at the Start stage, reflecting the right-hemisphere frontoparietal network for alertness [48]. Processing verbal material describing costs and benefits should elicit a left hemisphere response, possibly modulated by a right-hemisphere negative emotional response to Hazard messages. However, these predictions were tentative, given the complexity of functional lateralization [47].
- Emotional context and lateralization. We expected that emotional context would influence lateralization of ERPs. In the negative emotion condition, the experimental software was rigged so that participants’ choices typically led to negative outcomes, leading to progressively diminishing likelihood of rescuing the explorers, and frequent negative feedback. We anticipated heightened right-hemisphere response amplitude in this condition, especially in response to hazard messages and negative feedback.
- Impact of major depression. We expected that depression would be associated with resting alpha asymmetry [2,59], and we tested for this effect persisting during task performance. We also anticipated reduced right temporoparietal P300 amplitude in MDD patients [6,70]. We expected this effect of depression to be stronger in response to benefit messages and to feedback in the positive emotion condition, given evidence for reduced sensitivity to reward [6,67]. Findings with threat-related stimuli have been more equivocal; in some studies negative-valent stimuli evoke a stronger response in depressed individuals [60,61]. Most previous studies have investigated P300, but we anticipated parallel effects for P100, given that depression may also impair early attentional processes [62,63].
- Relationships between task-induced alpha asymmetry and ERP amplitude. Previous studies have not investigated how ERP amplitude asymmetry during task performance is related to the asymmetry in alpha power. We measured the alpha response to the task stages for comparison with ERPs. As this was a supplementary analysis, we restricted it to frontal and parietal alpha in the time interval corresponding to P300. These sites have been the main focus of previous studies of alpha asymmetry [2]. We expected that task-induced alpha would show depression effects on lateralization similar to the well-known FAA effect. To determine the equivalence of alpha and ERP measures of lateralization, we correlated measures of asymmetry in resting and task-induced alpha with measures of asymmetry in ERP response.
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Design and Procedure
2.3. Questionnaire Measurements of Emotional State
2.4. Decision-Making Task
2.5. EEG Recording
2.6. EEG Preprocessing
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Mood Assessment
3.3. Behavioral Results
3.4. EEG Results
3.4.1. Lateralization in the Power of Resting Alpha
3.4.2. Effects of Task Factors and Depression on ERP Amplitudes
Lateralization of ERP Amplitudes during Decision-Making Task
ERP Amplitudes and Brain Asymmetry in Positive and Negative Feedback Conditions
ERP Amplitudes and Brain Asymmetry Differences in MDD and Hth Groups
3.4.3. Effects of Task Factors and Depression on the Task-Induced Alpha Asymmetry Coefficient
3.4.4. Correlations between Resting State Alpha Coefficient, Task-Induced Alpha Asymmetry Coefficient, and Task-Induced Amplitude Coefficient
4. Discussion
4.1. Asymmetry in ERP Response during Decision-Making
4.2. Decision Making in Depression and Brain Asymmetry
4.3. Alpha Asymmetry: Comparison with ERP Data
4.4. Clinical Implications
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Gender | N | Age | IDS Score |
---|---|---|---|---|
MDD | Females Males | 30 | 27.10, SD = 7.68 | 42.73 SD = 9.23 |
30 | 26.13, SD = 7.31 | 37.13 SD = 10.20 | ||
60 | 26.62, SD = 7.45 | 39.93, SD = 10.05 | ||
Healthy | Females Males | 30 | 24.6, SD = 7.07 | 17.90 SD = 6.43 |
30 | 26.10, SD = 5.71 | 15.40 SD = 7.12 | ||
60 | 25.35, SD = 6.42 | 16.65, SD = 6.84 |
Group | Condition | DTdecision-making, ms | IT benefits, ms | IT hazards, ms |
---|---|---|---|---|
MDD | Negative | 15,548.74, SD = 3517.06 | 920.87, SD = 352.25 | 966.39, SD = 465.42 |
Positive | 14,954.47, SD = 4462.41 | 834.59, SD = 261.74 | 896.20, SD = 309.73 | |
Both conditions | 14,639.11, SD = 3495.28 | 877.73, SD = 312.03 | 931.29, SD = 395.23 | |
Healthy | Negative | 14,854.67, SD = 3671.71 | 734.60, SD = 238.73 | 840.91, SD = 302.64 |
Positive | 14,046.56, SD = 3602.41 | 762.20, SD = 240.49 | 811.24, SD = 305.65 | |
Both conditions | 14,450.61, SD = 3644.57 | 748.40, SD = 239.00 | 826.08, SD = 303.23 |
Frontal | Parietal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Hth | MDD | Hth | MDD | |
Start | 0.091 (0.069) | −0.127 (0.069) | 0.484 (0.106) | −0.086 (0.106) |
Hazard | 0.038 (0.082) | 0.002 (0.082) | 0.234 (0.103) | −0.067 (0.103) |
Benefit | 0.075 (0.093) | −0.164 (0.093) | 0.114 (0.123) | 0.149 (0.123) |
Choice | 0.104 (0.071) | −0.035 (0.071) | 0.320 (0.102) | −0.097 (0.102) |
Feedback | 0.175 (0.077) | −0.050 (0.077) | 0.336 (0.115) | 0.181 (0.115) |
Alpha Asymmetry Coefficient | P300 Amplitude Asymmetry Coefficient | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | Benefit | Hazard | Choice | Feedback | |
Frontal | |||||
Resting State | 0.030 | 0.017 | 0.028 | −0.037 | 0.082 |
Start | 0.213 * | 0.091 | 0.220 * | 0.110 | 0.091 |
Benefit | 0.165 | 0.146 | 0.116 | 0.289 ** | 0.147 |
Hazard | 0.213 * | 0.133 | 0.089 | 0.287 ** | 0.207* |
Choice | 0.157 | 0.178 | 0.148 | 0.297 ** | 0.281 ** |
Feedback | 0.069 | 0.140 | 0.182* | 0.111 | 0.124 |
Parietal | |||||
Resting State | 0.135 | 0.053 | 0.144 | 0.185 * | 0.109 |
Start | 0.364 ** | 0.193 * | 0.331 ** | 0.244 ** | 0.137 |
Benefit | 0.242 ** | 0.216 * | 0.257 ** | 0.341 ** | 0.129 |
Hazard | 0.317 ** | 0.313 ** | 0.452 ** | 0.454 ** | 0.198 * |
Choice | 0.248 ** | 0.276 ** | 0.429 ** | 0.379 ** | 0.220 * |
Feedback | 0.373 ** | 0.144 | 0.201 * | 0.281 ** | 0.184 * |
Stage | P100 | P300 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lateralization | Moderator Factors | Lateralization | Moderator Factors | |
Start | Right: C, P | Right: F, C, P | C: Neg. Feedback C: MDD | |
Hazard | Left: F | P: Healthy | ||
Benefit | Left: F, C Right: P | F: Pos. Feedback | ||
Choice | Left: F Right: P | F: Pos. Feedback | Left: F Right: C | |
Feedback | Right: C, P | Left: F Right: C, P |
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Kustubayeva, A.; Kamzanova, A.; Kudaibergenova, S.; Pivkina, V.; Matthews, G. Major Depression and Brain Asymmetry in a Decision-Making Task with Negative and Positive Feedback. Symmetry 2020, 12, 2118. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12122118
Kustubayeva A, Kamzanova A, Kudaibergenova S, Pivkina V, Matthews G. Major Depression and Brain Asymmetry in a Decision-Making Task with Negative and Positive Feedback. Symmetry. 2020; 12(12):2118. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12122118
Chicago/Turabian StyleKustubayeva, Almira, Altyngul Kamzanova, Sandugash Kudaibergenova, Veronika Pivkina, and Gerald Matthews. 2020. "Major Depression and Brain Asymmetry in a Decision-Making Task with Negative and Positive Feedback" Symmetry 12, no. 12: 2118. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12122118