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Volume 14
Issue 12
10.3390/land14122320
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Article

Compositional and Structural Evaluation of Historic Public Parks: A Design Analysis

by
Albert Fekete
1,*,
Aikaterini Gkoltsiou
2,
Tatjana Prusac
1,
Agata Porębska
3,
Ece Beyza Özdemir
4,
Asli Taşkın
5,
Levente Béla Haleczky
1 and
Dániel Komes
1
1
Institute of Landscape Architecture Urban Planning and Garden Art, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
2
Laboratory of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
3
Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
4
Department of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
5
Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34367, Türkiye
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2025, 14(12), 2320; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122320
Submission received: 22 August 2025 / Revised: 31 October 2025 / Accepted: 12 November 2025 / Published: 25 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural Landscapes in Transition: Balancing Heritage, Development, and Sustainability)
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Abstract

The article outlined a method to examine the compositional development of some well-known 19th century European public parks with rich historic character. It focused on investigations forming the foundation for a research and design approach ensuring diversity and similarity of the sites, contexts and design problems. Backgrounds and principles that underpin the relation between conservation and development in historical settings of parks are addressed. The survey and comparative analysis of old maps, designs, descriptions and documentation of the current conditions of the investigated parks primarily through remote sensing methods provided an overview of the development and state of preservation of key compositional aspects: spatial structure, design, tree canopy coverage, road and water system, visual connections, dendrological species and forms during the last two centuries. This design analysis approach served as a research method supporting new landscape architecture challenges in conservation and restoration in a changing ecological environment and with new requirements from contemporary planning and design.
Keywords: landscape architecture; public parks; precedent analysis; history and design landscape architecture; public parks; precedent analysis; history and design

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fekete, A.; Gkoltsiou, A.; Prusac, T.; Porębska, A.; Özdemir, E.B.; Taşkın, A.; Haleczky, L.B.; Komes, D. Compositional and Structural Evaluation of Historic Public Parks: A Design Analysis. Land 2025, 14, 2320. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122320

AMA Style

Fekete A, Gkoltsiou A, Prusac T, Porębska A, Özdemir EB, Taşkın A, Haleczky LB, Komes D. Compositional and Structural Evaluation of Historic Public Parks: A Design Analysis. Land. 2025; 14(12):2320. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122320

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fekete, Albert, Aikaterini Gkoltsiou, Tatjana Prusac, Agata Porębska, Ece Beyza Özdemir, Asli Taşkın, Levente Béla Haleczky, and Dániel Komes. 2025. "Compositional and Structural Evaluation of Historic Public Parks: A Design Analysis" Land 14, no. 12: 2320. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122320

APA Style

Fekete, A., Gkoltsiou, A., Prusac, T., Porębska, A., Özdemir, E. B., Taşkın, A., Haleczky, L. B., & Komes, D. (2025). Compositional and Structural Evaluation of Historic Public Parks: A Design Analysis. Land, 14(12), 2320. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122320

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