Comparative Study on Farmland Circulation between Plains and Mountainous Areas in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Zhangye City in Northwest China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
3. Methods
3.1. Overall Analysis Framework
3.2. Questionnaire Design
3.3. The Binary Logistic Regression Model
4. Results
4.1. Differential Features of Farmland Circulation between Plains and Mountainous Areas in Zhangye City
4.1.1. Farmland Circulation Rate in Plains Is Significantly Lower Than that in Mountainous Areas
4.1.2. Various Modes of Farmland Circulation Exist in Plains, and the Mode of Leasing Has an Absolute Advantage in Mountainous Areas
4.1.3. The Directions of Farmland Circulation Is Diverse in Plains, while Concentrated in Mountainous Areas
4.1.4. Large-Scale Operation Area of Farmland Circulation in Plains Is Significantly Smaller than That in Mountainous Areas
4.1.5. Farmland Circulation Periods in Plains Is Generally Longer than That in Mountainous Areas
4.2. Influencing Factors of Farmland Circulation
5. Discussion
5.1. Reasons for Differential Features and Their Influencing Factors of Farmland Circulation
5.2. Policy Implications
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Geographic Division | River Source Water (108 m3) | Actual Water Diversion (108 m3) | Crop Irrigation Quota (m3/ha) | Whole Year Actual Irrigated Area (ha) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main Water Supply | Groundwater | ||||
Plain areas | 22.62 | 14.56 | 4.72 | 499.67 | 210.00 |
Mountainous areas | 3.78 | 3.72 | 1.27 | 251.50 | 89.53 |
Total | Ganzhou District | Gaotai County | Linze County | Minle County | Shandan County |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
136 | 83 | 13 | 11 | 17 | 12 |
Variable Type | Variable | Variable Description/Unit |
---|---|---|
Farmland features | Plot area | ha |
Degree of farmland fragmentation | Divided into 1~4 levels | |
Farmland quality | Divided into 1~5 levels | |
Farmland circulation price | USD/ha | |
Whether the crop type has changed | 0: No; 1: Yes | |
Irrigation conditions | Irrigation water source | 1: Surface water; 2: Ground water |
River source water | 108 m3 | |
Actual water diversion | 108 m3 | |
Irrigation quota | m3/hm2 | |
Natural conditions | Altitude | m |
Annual average temperature | °C | |
Annual evaporation | mm | |
Annual precipitation | mm |
Total Farmland Area | Area of Farmland Contracted by Households | Area of Plains/Farmland Circulation | Area of Mountains/Farmland Circulation | Area of Rural Land Circulation | Number of Farmers Participating in Farmland Circulation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
269,000 ha | 166,733 ha | 140,144/26,347 ha | 121,574/49,967 ha | 77,800 ha | 99,000 households |
Management Scale | Number in Plains | Number in Mountainous Areas | Proportion in Plains | Proportion in Mountainous Areas |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.33–6.67 ha | 2991 | 27 | 68.66% | 1.92% |
6.67–33.33 ha | 1083 | 945 | 24.86% | 67.36% |
33.33–66.67 ha | 199 | 259 | 4.57% | 18.46% |
More than 66.67 ha | 83 | 172 | 1.91% | 12.26% |
total | 4356 | 1403 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Areas | <1 year | 1–3 years | 3–5 years | 5–10 years | >10 years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plain areas | 13.00% | 29.54% | 29.33% | 16.14% | 11.99% |
Mountainous areas | 53.80% | 9.83% | 34.14% | 2.23% | 0 |
Variable | B | S.E. | Wald | df | Sig. | VIF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plot area | 0.033 | 0.109 | 0.092 | 1 | 0.761 | 1.746 |
Degree of farmland fragmentation | 1.068 *** | 0.408 | 6.835 | 1 | 0.009 | 2.081 |
Farmland quality | −0.066 | 0.239 | 0.077 | 1 | 0.781 | 1.123 |
Farmland circulation price | 0.008 *** | 0.002 | 17.421 | 1 | 0.000 | 1.190 |
Whether the crop type has changed | −0.202 | 0.661 | 0.039 | 1 | 0.760 | 1.336 |
Altitude | −0.001 | 0.004 | 0.093 | 1 | 0.844 | 1.675 |
Irrigation water source | −0.022 | 0.521 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.966 | 1.408 |
Actual water diversion | −0.017 *** | 0.007 | 6.968 | 1 | 0.008 | 3.541 |
River source water | −0.132 ** | 0.064 | 4.262 | 1 | 0.039 | 4.172 |
Variable | B | S.E. | Wald | df | Sig. | VIF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plot area | −0.431 | 0.447 | 0.933 | 1 | 0.334 | 3.695 |
Degree of farmland fragmentation | −2.699 *** | 0.926 | 8.497 | 1 | 0.004 | 3.915 |
Farmland quality | −0.028 | 0.452 | 0.004 | 1 | 0.951 | 1.108 |
Farmland circulation price | 0.009 *** | 0.002 | 14.453 | 1 | 0.000 | 1.473 |
Whether the crop type has changed | 0.495 | 0.782 | 0.400 | 1 | 0.527 | 1.112 |
Altitude | −0.004 ** | 0.002 | 4.023 | 1 | 0.045 | 2.352 |
Irrigation water source | −0.426 | 1.442 | 0.087 | 1 | 0.768 | 3.279 |
Actual water diversion | −0.013 | 0.012 | 1.224 | 1 | 0.269 | 2.740 |
River source water | 0.044 | 0.113 | 0.153 | 1 | 0.696 | 3.948 |
Crop Types | Net Income (Dollar/ha) | Water Usage (Times) |
---|---|---|
Seed core | 1415–1651 | Water 5 |
Wheat | 1179–1415 | Water 2 |
Barley | 1179–1415 | Water 2 |
Rape | 943 | Dryland planting |
Tomato | 4716 | Water 5 |
Onion | 3537–3773 | Water 7–9 |
Potato | 2358–3065 | Water 4 |
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Xiao, X.; Shang, L.; Liu, Y. Comparative Study on Farmland Circulation between Plains and Mountainous Areas in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Zhangye City in Northwest China. Land 2022, 11, 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040571
Xiao X, Shang L, Liu Y. Comparative Study on Farmland Circulation between Plains and Mountainous Areas in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Zhangye City in Northwest China. Land. 2022; 11(4):571. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040571
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao, Xingyuan, Luxiang Shang, and Yaqun Liu. 2022. "Comparative Study on Farmland Circulation between Plains and Mountainous Areas in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Zhangye City in Northwest China" Land 11, no. 4: 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040571
APA StyleXiao, X., Shang, L., & Liu, Y. (2022). Comparative Study on Farmland Circulation between Plains and Mountainous Areas in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Zhangye City in Northwest China. Land, 11(4), 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040571