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Article

Expert-Based Maps as a Regional Planning Tool Supporting Nature Conservation and Production-Integrated Compensation—A German Case Study on Biodiversity Offsets

by
Christian Sponagel
1,*,
Andre Raichle
2,
Martin Maier
3,
Susanne Zhuber-Okrog
4,
Ulrike Greifenhagen-Kauffmann
5,
Elisabeth Angenendt
1 and
Enno Bahrs
1
1
Department of Farm Management (410b), Institute of Farm Management, University of Hohenheim, Schwerzstraße 44, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
2
Raichle-Ecology, Stahlbrunnstraße 20, 73266 Bissingen an der Teck, Germany
3
Flächenagentur Baden-Württemberg GmbH, Gerhard-Koch-Straße 2, 73760 Ostfildern, Germany
4
Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU) Stuttgart e. V., Charlottenplatz 17, 70173 Stuttgart, Germany
5
Landwirtschaft/Grundstücksverkehr, Liegenschaftsamt, Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, Heustraße 1, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2021, 10(8), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10080808
Submission received: 15 July 2021 / Revised: 28 July 2021 / Accepted: 30 July 2021 / Published: 1 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban-Rural-Partnerships: Sustainable and Resilient)
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Abstract

Many countries worldwide have developed guidelines for offsetting impacts on nature and landscape. Suitable locations are the prerequisite for the implementation of these measures, and this might lead to conflicts with agriculture. In addition, comprehensive planning is often lacking and potential added values for nature conservation are not exploited. Concepts such as the so-called production-integrated compensation (PIC) have been introduced to give farmers the opportunity to actively participate in the offsetting process and improve cooperation. However, up to now, PIC has only rarely been put into practice. Against this backdrop, we have developed a regional planning tool for the implementation of PIC in practice. Based on geodata such as soil data, agricultural structure, or natural conditions at the field and landscape level, the general suitability, and specific measure-based recommendations for each plot can be verified with the help of a decision support system. These factors are assessed from both a nature and an agricultural perspective. The goal here is to highlight synergy effects and increase the likelihood of the proposed measures being implemented. Our tool facilitates the integrated planning of biodiversity offsets at regional level. In this way, it can promote the bundling and networking of measures. However, on-site analyses should be undertaken to complement the implementation of measures.
Keywords: biodiversity offsets; offset implementation; production-integrated compensation; nature conservation; landscape planning; agri-environmental policy biodiversity offsets; offset implementation; production-integrated compensation; nature conservation; landscape planning; agri-environmental policy
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sponagel, C.; Raichle, A.; Maier, M.; Zhuber-Okrog, S.; Greifenhagen-Kauffmann, U.; Angenendt, E.; Bahrs, E. Expert-Based Maps as a Regional Planning Tool Supporting Nature Conservation and Production-Integrated Compensation—A German Case Study on Biodiversity Offsets. Land 2021, 10, 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10080808

AMA Style

Sponagel C, Raichle A, Maier M, Zhuber-Okrog S, Greifenhagen-Kauffmann U, Angenendt E, Bahrs E. Expert-Based Maps as a Regional Planning Tool Supporting Nature Conservation and Production-Integrated Compensation—A German Case Study on Biodiversity Offsets. Land. 2021; 10(8):808. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10080808

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sponagel, Christian, Andre Raichle, Martin Maier, Susanne Zhuber-Okrog, Ulrike Greifenhagen-Kauffmann, Elisabeth Angenendt, and Enno Bahrs. 2021. "Expert-Based Maps as a Regional Planning Tool Supporting Nature Conservation and Production-Integrated Compensation—A German Case Study on Biodiversity Offsets" Land 10, no. 8: 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10080808

APA Style

Sponagel, C., Raichle, A., Maier, M., Zhuber-Okrog, S., Greifenhagen-Kauffmann, U., Angenendt, E., & Bahrs, E. (2021). Expert-Based Maps as a Regional Planning Tool Supporting Nature Conservation and Production-Integrated Compensation—A German Case Study on Biodiversity Offsets. Land, 10(8), 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10080808

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