Construction and Application of a Water Resources Spatial Equilibrium Model: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Data
2.2. Conceptual Definition
2.3. Calculation Method
2.3.1. Gini Coefficient
2.3.2. Variable Set
2.3.3. Set Pair and Partial Connection Number
2.3.4. Technology Roadmap
3. Model Application
3.1. Calculation of the Grade Characteristic Values Based on the Variable Set
3.2. Determination of the Evaluation Grade Based on Partial Connection Number
4. Results
4.1. Provinces
4.2. Cities
5. Discussion
5.1. Calculation Method of Water Resource Spatial Equilibrium
5.2. Factors That Influence Water Resource Spatial Equilibrium
5.3. Scale Characteristics of Water Resource Spatial Equilibrium
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The water resource spatial equilibrium is used to coordinate the relationship between supply and demand of water resource to achieve the sustainable development.
- (2)
- In the 11 provinces of the study area, the water resource spatial equilibrium gradually improved over time. In terms of the spatial trend, the south was better than the north and the west was better than the east. The water resource spatial equilibrium in the 11 provinces was sorted as follows: Yunnan > Sichuan > Zhejiang > Jiangxi > Hunan Province > Guizhou > Hubei > Chongqing > Anhui > Jiangsu > Shanghai.
- (3)
- In the 110 cities in the study area, the water resource spatial equilibrium showed that the spatial trend of the three major urban agglomerations was much better than that of the other regions. The temporal trend could be divided into two stages, namely, a stable fluctuation stage from 1999 to 2011 and an improvement stage from 2012 to 2018. The evolutionary trend of water resource spatial equilibrium increased in all cities except Huanggang, Luzhou, Neijiang, Yuxi, Baoshan, Lijiang, Pu’er, and Lincang.
- (4)
- Compared with the provincial scale, city-scale research on the water resource spatial equilibrium can more effectively identify and optimize the control area. When the control targets were set to 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, the proportion of administrative area based on the city scale decreased by 1.20%, 4.99%, 10.52%, and 19.05%, respectively.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scholar | Definition |
---|---|
Wang [27] | Coordinated development among water resource carrying capacity, socioeconomic systems, and different regions. |
Zuo [26] | A relatively stable and balanced state of development, utilization, and protection of water resource in space. |
Jin [28] | The water resource spatial equilibrium is a dual balance of supply and demand of water resources, which is coordinated and matched in time and space among the water resource spatial distribution, social economy, and ecological environment. |
Wang [29] | The population and economy is balanced with the water resource carrying capacity, in which people and water live in harmony. |
Li [30] | The population, economic, and social development of a river basin or a certain area is balanced with water resources. |
Grade | Gini Coefficient Interval | Income Distribution | Water Resource Spatial Equilibrium |
---|---|---|---|
I | 0–0.2 | Absolute average | Absolute equilibrium |
II | 0.2–0.3 | General fairness | General equilibrium |
III | 0.3–0.4 | Relative reasonable | Relative equilibrium |
IV | 0.4–0.5 | General gap | General disequilibrium |
V | 0.5–1 | Great disparity | Serious disequilibrium |
District | Relative Membership Degree | Grade Characteristic Values | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | IV | V | ||
Shanghai | 0 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.69 | 4.54 |
Jiangsu | 0 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.74 | 0.20 | 3.67 |
Chongqing | 0 | 0.06 | 0.58 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 3.25 |
Hubei | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0 | 3.19 |
Anhui | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0 | 2.94 |
Guizhou | 0 | 0.19 | 0.62 | 0.19 | 0 | 2.88 |
Hunan | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.70 | 0.13 | 0 | 2.86 |
Jiangxi | 0 | 0.24 | 0.76 | 0 | 0 | 2.82 |
Zhejiang | 0 | 0.79 | 0.21 | 0 | 0 | 2.21 |
Sichuan | 0.08 | 0.75 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | 2.07 |
Yunnan | 0.32 | 0.65 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 1.84 |
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Zhao, Z.; Cai, Y.; Yang, Y. Construction and Application of a Water Resources Spatial Equilibrium Model: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Water 2023, 15, 2984. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162984
Zhao Z, Cai Y, Yang Y. Construction and Application of a Water Resources Spatial Equilibrium Model: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Water. 2023; 15(16):2984. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162984
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Ziyang, Yihui Cai, and Yafeng Yang. 2023. "Construction and Application of a Water Resources Spatial Equilibrium Model: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Economic Belt" Water 15, no. 16: 2984. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162984