Assessment of the Implementation Effect of a Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection (GCHP) Project Based on the GeoWEPP Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Method and Data
3.1. GeoWEPP Model
3.2. Data Collection
3.3. Gully Head Landfill Method
4. Results and Analysis
4.1. Accuracy Analysis of Climate Data Generated by CLIGEN
4.2. Evaluation of Simulation Accuracy of Watershed Runoff by GeoWEPP Model
4.3. Assessment of Implementation Effect for GCHP
4.4. Simulation of Erosion and Sediment Yield in Small Watershed under Gully Head Landfill Scenario
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The GeoWEPP model has good applicability in the YJG watershed. The relative error, correlation coefficient, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient were 13.248, 0.958, and 0.958, respectively, indicating that the GeoWEPP model has high accuracy in the simulation of erosion and sediment yield in the YJG watershed and can be used for various simulation analyses of erosion and sediment yield in the watershed.
- (2)
- According to the comparison of the simulation results, the sediment yield in the YJG area was reduced by 35.96%, and the annual runoff volume decreased by 13.13% after landfill, indicating that the gully head landfill effectively prevented the further erosion of the loess plateau and reduced the erosion area. Generally speaking, it alleviates the soil erosion problem in the YJG area.
- (3)
- The results of the hydrological analysis showed that new shallow gullies would develop around the gully head after the GCHP as time went on. Compared with the original water flow path, the length and quantity of gully heads become shorter and more. The development of fissures and sinks on the edge of the tableland provides advantageous channels for water flow. If necessary maintenance is lacking, new gullies will easily develop in the long run, thus promoting greater soil erosion in the watershed. In the gully region of the Loess Plateau, there is a mutual feedback effect between the GCHP (gully head landfill) and soil hydraulic erosion. In order to reduce the shrinkage rate of the plateau surface and slow down the development of soil hydraulic erosion in the watershed, the use of ecological measures to control the surface of the bare area of the gully head landfill area (e.g., the landfill area is covered with grassland) can be implemented, which is an important research direction for future GCHP projects.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Relative Error | Correlation Coefficient | Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient | |
---|---|---|---|
Model calibration period (1–6) | 13.248 | 0.997 | 0.994 |
Model validation period (7–13) | 43.876 | 0.958 | 0.958 |
Name | Annual Runoff/m3 | Annual Sediment/t |
---|---|---|
Measured value | 481,198.56 | 9.756 |
Simulated value | 570,882 | 11.4 |
Simulated value after GCHP | 495,952 | 7.3 |
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Luo, Y.; Huo, A.; Yang, L.; Zhao, Z.; Ahmed, A.; Elbeltagi, A.; Abuarab, M.E.-S.; Ganjidoust, H. Assessment of the Implementation Effect of a Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection (GCHP) Project Based on the GeoWEPP Model. Water 2023, 15, 2971. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162971
Luo Y, Huo A, Yang L, Zhao Z, Ahmed A, Elbeltagi A, Abuarab ME-S, Ganjidoust H. Assessment of the Implementation Effect of a Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection (GCHP) Project Based on the GeoWEPP Model. Water. 2023; 15(16):2971. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162971
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuo, Yi, Aidi Huo, Luying Yang, Zhixin Zhao, Adnan Ahmed, Ahmed Elbeltagi, Mohamed EL-Sayed Abuarab, and Hossein Ganjidoust. 2023. "Assessment of the Implementation Effect of a Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection (GCHP) Project Based on the GeoWEPP Model" Water 15, no. 16: 2971. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15162971