Links between Teleconnection Patterns and Water Level Regime of Selected Polish Lakes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Arctic Oscillation
3.2. North Atlantic Oscillation
3.3. East Atlantic Pattern
3.4. Scandinavian Pattern
3.5. Effect of Teleconnection Patterns on Air Temperature and Precipitation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lake | Area (ha) 1 | Volume (thousand m3) 1 | Average Depth (m) 1 | Maximum Depth (m) 1 | Coefficient of Variation (Cv) | Amplitudes of Water Level (cm) | Type of Regime 2 | Area of Catchment (km2) 3 | Schindler Index (m−1) | Ohle Index (-) | Elements of the Water Balance of Lake Catchment | Water Exchange Rate α | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annual Max | Annual Mean | Extreme Multi-Year | Outflow (mm) 4 | Precipitation (mm) 5 | |||||||||||
Lubie | 1487.5 | 169,880.5 | 11.6 | 46.2 | 0.061 | 65 | 71 | 84 | 3a | 780.86 | 4.60 | 52.49 | 215 | 660 | 0.99 |
Lednica | 325.0 | 24,397.0 | 7.0 | 15.1 | 0.173 | 118 | 58 | 186 | 3c | 43.14 | 1.77 | 13.27 | 100 | 540 | 0.18 |
Gopło | 2121.5 | 78,497.0 | 3.6 | 16.6 | 0.152 | 226 | 87 | 273 | 4b | 1151.26 | 14.67 | 54.27 | 95 | 505 | 1.39 |
Borzechowskie | 240.0 | 27,002.0 | 11.0 | 43.0 | 0.132 | 49 | 29 | 74 | 3c | 17.25 | 0.64 | 7.19 | 210 | 630 | 0.13 |
Jeziorak | 3152.5 | 141,594.2 | 4.1 | 12.9 | 0.017 | 76 | 44 | 90 | 3c | 325.28 | 2.30 | 10.32 | 190 | 620 | 0.44 |
Kośno | 562.5 | 75,767.3 | 13.7 | 44.6 | 0.063 | 56 | 23 | 56 | 4b | 236.73 | 3.12 | 42.09 | 200 | 600 | 0.62 |
Kalwa | 561.0 | 39,468.6 | 7.0 | 31.7 | 0.087 | 58 | 33 | 76 | 3b | 75.70 | 1.92 | 13.49 | 195 | 600 | 0.37 |
Dadaj | 975.0 | 120,784.2 | 12.0 | 39.8 | 0.189 | 141 | 71 | 154 | 4b | 340.08 | 2.82 | 34.88 | 200 | 615 | 0.56 |
Mikołajskie | 424.0 | 55,739.7 | 11.2 | 25.9 | 0.224 | 64 | 38 | 95 | 3b | 1814.87 | 32.56 | 428.04 | 200 | 595 | 6.51 |
Mamry | 9851.0 | 1,003,367.5 | 9.8 | 43.8 | 0.106 | 62 | 39 | 92 | 3b | 618.52 | 0.62 | 6.28 | 180 | 600 | 0.11 |
Jagodne | 872.5 | 82,705.2 | 8.7 | 37.4 | 0.111 | 62 | 39 | 95 | 3b | 518.67 | 6.27 | 59.45 | 205 | 600 | 1.29 |
Roś | 1808.5 | 152,924.9 | 8.1 | 31.8 | 0.378 | 140 | 88 | 177 | 3a | 3033.07 | 19.83 | 167.71 | 215 | 600 | 4.26 |
Dręstwo | 549.0 | 42,734.6 | 8.5 | 25.0 | 0.180 | 146 | 96 | 208 | 3a | 827.87 | 19.37 | 150.80 | 160 | 590 | 3.10 |
Necko | 400.0 | 40,561.4 | 10.1 | 25.0 | 0.028 | 106 | 46 | 132 | 2b | 893.54 | 22.03 | 223.39 | 180 | 600 | 3.97 |
Sajno | 494.0 | 52,446.8 | 10.0 | 27.0 | 0.116 | 161 | 90 | 183 | 2b | 959.78 | 18.30 | 194.29 | 180 | 600 | 3.29 |
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Plewa, K.; Perz, A.; Wrzesiński, D. Links between Teleconnection Patterns and Water Level Regime of Selected Polish Lakes. Water 2019, 11, 1330. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071330
Plewa K, Perz A, Wrzesiński D. Links between Teleconnection Patterns and Water Level Regime of Selected Polish Lakes. Water. 2019; 11(7):1330. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071330
Chicago/Turabian StylePlewa, Katarzyna, Adam Perz, and Dariusz Wrzesiński. 2019. "Links between Teleconnection Patterns and Water Level Regime of Selected Polish Lakes" Water 11, no. 7: 1330. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071330