Contributions of Organizational Levels in Community Management Models of Water Supply in Rural Communities: Cases from Brazil and Ecuador
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Motivations and Selection of Cases
2.2. Bibliographic Research
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Comparison of Stakeholders’ Responsibilities and Organizational Levels’ Existence
3. Results
3.1. Community Management of Water Supply in Latin America
3.2. Community Management of Water Supply in Ecuador
3.2.1. Emblematic Partnership in Ecuador: CENAGRAP
3.3. Community Management Models of Water Supply in Brazil
3.3.1. SISAR-CE Model
3.3.2. CESAN-ES Model
3.3.3. SANEPAR-PR Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Responsibilities | Espírito Santo (CESAN) | Paraná (SANEPAR) | Ceará (SISAR) | Ecuador (CENAGRAP) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Implementation | Concession of land to system construction | Municipality | Municipality | Municipality | GAD |
Engineering project | CESAN | SANEPAR | CAGECE | GAD | |
Technical support and orientation | CESAN | SANEPAR | CAGECE | CENAGRAP | |
Social and environmental actions | CESAN | SANEPAR | SISAR | CENAGRAP/GAD | |
Provision of resources or funding mechanisms | Municipality/State | Municipality/SANEPAR | State | CENAGRAP/GAD | |
System construction | CESAN | Community/SANEPAR | CAGECE | Community/CENAGRAP/GAD | |
Operator employment and training | Municipality or community/CESAN | Municipality or community | Community/SISAR | CENAGRAP/GAD | |
Legal support to communities | - | - | - | GAD/ROSCGAE | |
O&M (post-construction) | System operation | Community | Community | Community | Community |
Corrective and preventive maintenance | - | Municipality | SISAR | Community/CENAGRAP | |
Water quality control | Municipality | Municipality | SISAR | CENAGRAP | |
Fees collection | Community | Community | SISAR | - | |
Regular technical support | - | - | SISAR | CENAGRAP/GAD | |
Clandestine connections inhibition | Community | Community | Community | - | |
Management (post-construction) | O&M costs establishment | Community | Community | SISAR | Community/GAD |
Spare parts supply | - | - | SISAR | CENAGRAP | |
Fees definition | Community | Community | SISAR | CENAGRAP/GAD | |
Financial resources management | Community | Community | SISAR | CENAGRAP | |
Administrative assistance | - | - | SISAR | CENAGRAP | |
System ownership | - | Municipality | - | Community |
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Machado, A.V.M.; dos Santos, J.A.N.; Alves, L.M.C.; Quindeler, N.d.S. Contributions of Organizational Levels in Community Management Models of Water Supply in Rural Communities: Cases from Brazil and Ecuador. Water 2019, 11, 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030537
Machado AVM, dos Santos JAN, Alves LMC, Quindeler NdS. Contributions of Organizational Levels in Community Management Models of Water Supply in Rural Communities: Cases from Brazil and Ecuador. Water. 2019; 11(3):537. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030537
Chicago/Turabian StyleMachado, Anna V. M., João A. N. dos Santos, Lucas M. C. Alves, and Norbertho da S. Quindeler. 2019. "Contributions of Organizational Levels in Community Management Models of Water Supply in Rural Communities: Cases from Brazil and Ecuador" Water 11, no. 3: 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030537
APA StyleMachado, A. V. M., dos Santos, J. A. N., Alves, L. M. C., & Quindeler, N. d. S. (2019). Contributions of Organizational Levels in Community Management Models of Water Supply in Rural Communities: Cases from Brazil and Ecuador. Water, 11(3), 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030537