Simulation of Climate Change Impact on A Coastal Aquifer under Arid Climate. The Tadjourah Aquifer (Republic of Djibouti, Horn of Africa)
1
University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, 5 rue Albert Turpain, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France
2
CERD (Center of Studies and Research of Djibouti), PoB 486, Djibouti 999057, Republic of Djibouti
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2019, 11(11), 2347; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112347
Received: 27 September 2019 / Revised: 4 November 2019 / Accepted: 6 November 2019 / Published: 8 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Resilience to Climate Change and High Pressure)
The Republic of Djibouti has an area of 23,000 km2, a coastline 370 km long and a population of 820,000 inhabitants. It experiences an arid climate characterized by high daytime temperatures and low and irregular rainfall (average of 140 mm/year), resulting in continuous periods of drought. These difficult climatic conditions and the absence of perennial surface water have progressively led to an intensive exploitation of groundwater to meet increasing water demands in all sectors (drinking water, agriculture and industries). In coastal areas, seawater intrusion constitutes a significant additional risk of groundwater degradation. This study is focused on the coastal aquifer of Tadjourah which supplies water to the city of Tadjourah, currently comprising 21,000 inhabitants. The main objective of this work is to assess the current resources of this aquifer; its capacity to satisfy, or not, the projected water demands during coming years; and to analyze its vulnerability to seawater intrusion within the frame of climate change. Three RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathway) were used to simulate different climate scenarios up to 2100. The simulated rainfall series allowed to deduce the aquifer recharge up to 2100. The code Seawat was used to model seawater intrusion into the aquifer, using the recharge data deduced from the climate scenarios. The results indicate that the risk of contamination of the Tadjourah coastal aquifer by seawater intrusion is high. The long-term and sustainable exploitation of this aquifer must take into consideration the impact of climate change.
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Keywords:
coastal aquifer; modeling; Seawat; climate change; seawater intrusion; Tadjourah; Djibouti
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MDPI and ACS Style
Razack, M.; Jalludin, M.; Houmed-Gaba, A. Simulation of Climate Change Impact on A Coastal Aquifer under Arid Climate. The Tadjourah Aquifer (Republic of Djibouti, Horn of Africa). Water 2019, 11, 2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112347
AMA Style
Razack M, Jalludin M, Houmed-Gaba A. Simulation of Climate Change Impact on A Coastal Aquifer under Arid Climate. The Tadjourah Aquifer (Republic of Djibouti, Horn of Africa). Water. 2019; 11(11):2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112347
Chicago/Turabian StyleRazack, Moumtaz; Jalludin, Mohamed; Houmed-Gaba, Abdourahman. 2019. "Simulation of Climate Change Impact on A Coastal Aquifer under Arid Climate. The Tadjourah Aquifer (Republic of Djibouti, Horn of Africa)" Water 11, no. 11: 2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112347
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