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Volume 15
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10.3390/atmos15020217
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Article

Understanding Rainfall Distribution Characteristics over the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A Comparison between Coastal and Inland Localities

by
Huynh Vuong Thu Minh
1,
Bui Thi Bich Lien
2,
Dang Thi Hong Ngoc
3,
Tran Van Ty
4,
Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan
1,
Nguyen Phuoc Cong
4,
Nigel K. Downes
1,
Gowhar Meraj
5 and
Pankaj Kumar
6,*
1
Water Resources Department, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
2
Environment and Natural Resources Management Department, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
3
Faculty of Natural Resource and Environment, Kien Giang University, Kien Giang 920000, Vietnam
4
Water Resource Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
5
Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
6
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2024, 15(2), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020217
Submission received: 28 December 2023 / Revised: 4 February 2024 / Accepted: 7 February 2024 / Published: 10 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Climatology)
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Abstract

This study examines the changing rainfall patterns in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) utilizing observational data spanning from 1978 to 2022. We employ the Mann–Kendall test, the sequential Mann–Kendall test, and innovative trend analysis to investigate trends in annual, wet, and dry season rainfall, as well as daily rainfall events. Our results show significant spatial variations. Ca Mau, a coastal province, consistently showed higher mean annual and seasonal rainfall compared to the further inland stations of Can Tho and Moc Hoa. Interestingly, Ca Mau experienced a notable decrease in annual rainfall. Conversely, Can Tho, showed an overall decrease in some months of the wet season and an increase in dry season rainfall. Furthermore, Moc Hoa showed an increase in the number of rainy days, especially during the dry season. Principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed strong correlations between annual rainfall and extreme weather events, particularly for Ca Mau, emphasizing the complex interplay of geographic and climatic factors within the region. Our findings offer insights for policymakers and planners, thus aiding the development of targeted interventions to manage water resources and prepare for changing climate conditions.
Keywords: climate change; Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD); rainfall patterns; Mann–Kendall test; innovative trend analysis; principal component analysis; coastal and riverine ecosystems climate change; Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD); rainfall patterns; Mann–Kendall test; innovative trend analysis; principal component analysis; coastal and riverine ecosystems

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MDPI and ACS Style

Minh, H.V.T.; Lien, B.T.B.; Hong Ngoc, D.T.; Ty, T.V.; Ngan, N.V.C.; Cong, N.P.; Downes, N.K.; Meraj, G.; Kumar, P. Understanding Rainfall Distribution Characteristics over the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A Comparison between Coastal and Inland Localities. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020217

AMA Style

Minh HVT, Lien BTB, Hong Ngoc DT, Ty TV, Ngan NVC, Cong NP, Downes NK, Meraj G, Kumar P. Understanding Rainfall Distribution Characteristics over the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A Comparison between Coastal and Inland Localities. Atmosphere. 2024; 15(2):217. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020217

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minh, Huynh Vuong Thu, Bui Thi Bich Lien, Dang Thi Hong Ngoc, Tran Van Ty, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Nguyen Phuoc Cong, Nigel K. Downes, Gowhar Meraj, and Pankaj Kumar. 2024. "Understanding Rainfall Distribution Characteristics over the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A Comparison between Coastal and Inland Localities" Atmosphere 15, no. 2: 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020217

APA Style

Minh, H. V. T., Lien, B. T. B., Hong Ngoc, D. T., Ty, T. V., Ngan, N. V. C., Cong, N. P., Downes, N. K., Meraj, G., & Kumar, P. (2024). Understanding Rainfall Distribution Characteristics over the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A Comparison between Coastal and Inland Localities. Atmosphere, 15(2), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020217

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