Next Article in Journal
Application of 3D Embedded Discrete Fracture Model for Simulating CO2-EOR and Geological Storage in Fractured Reservoirs
Next Article in Special Issue
Weight Loss Function for the Cooperative Inversion of Atmospheric Duct Parameters
Previous Article in Journal
PM Dimensional Characterization in an Urban Mediterranean Area: Case Studies on the Separation between Fine and Coarse Atmospheric Aerosol
Previous Article in Special Issue
Integrated High-Accuracy Correction Technology of Radio-Wave Refraction for Deep-Space (High-Orbit) Targets
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Atmosphere
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/atmos13020228
atmosphere-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT

by
Jing Chen
1,
Jutao Yang
1,*,
Qingliang Li
1,*,
Yubo Yan
1,
Shuji Hao
1,
Cheng Wang
2,
Jian Wu
1,
Bin Xu
1,
Tong Xu
1,
Haiqin Che
1 and
Linglei He
1
1
National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China
2
Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2022, 13(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228
Submission received: 6 January 2022 / Revised: 25 January 2022 / Accepted: 28 January 2022 / Published: 29 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radar Sensing Atmosphere: Modelling, Imaging and Prediction)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Ground-based high-frequency modulated waves can periodically heat the ionosphere and create “virtual antennas”, which can radiate extremely low frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) or very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) waves for long-distance communication. Ionospheric X-mode and O-mode heating experiments using amplitude and beat-wave (BW) modulations were conducted on 21 November 2019. Experimental results were analyzed from multiple perspectives based on data from Dynasonde, a magnetometer, stimulated electromagnetic emissions, an ELF/VLF signal receiver, and ultra-high-frequency radar. The strongest excited ELF/VLF signals in previous BW modulation heating experiments were around 8–12 kHz; however, in this experiment, no signal excited in this frequency range was observed, and the signal with the highest signal/noise ratio was at the frequency of 3517 Hz, which will aid in understanding the best communication frequency under different ionospheric backgrounds. It is well-accepted that the electron temperature changes periodically with the modulation frequency. However, we noted that the electron temperature had insufficient cooling during the O-mode modulated heating process and then increased again, resulting in a continuous electron temperature increase. We found that this was related to the change in ion composition after analyzing ion-line spectra, which will be helpful in studying the effect of modulation heating on the ionosphere background.
Keywords: ionospheric modulation heating; ELF/VLF waves; ionospheric electron temperature; amplitude modulation; beat-wave mode ionospheric modulation heating; ELF/VLF waves; ionospheric electron temperature; amplitude modulation; beat-wave mode

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, J.; Yang, J.; Li, Q.; Yan, Y.; Hao, S.; Wang, C.; Wu, J.; Xu, B.; Xu, T.; Che, H.; et al. ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT. Atmosphere 2022, 13, 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228

AMA Style

Chen J, Yang J, Li Q, Yan Y, Hao S, Wang C, Wu J, Xu B, Xu T, Che H, et al. ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT. Atmosphere. 2022; 13(2):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Jing, Jutao Yang, Qingliang Li, Yubo Yan, Shuji Hao, Cheng Wang, Jian Wu, Bin Xu, Tong Xu, Haiqin Che, and et al. 2022. "ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT" Atmosphere 13, no. 2: 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228

APA Style

Chen, J., Yang, J., Li, Q., Yan, Y., Hao, S., Wang, C., Wu, J., Xu, B., Xu, T., Che, H., & He, L. (2022). ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT. Atmosphere, 13(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop