High Ethylene and Propylene in an Area Dominated by Oil Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Location
2.2. Portable Sampling Stations
2.3. Permanent Monitoring Stations
2.4. Laboratory Analysis
2.5. Oil and Gas Industry Data
2.6. Statistical Analysis
- (a)
- Average elevation
- (b)
- Number of engines
- (c)
- Total engine organic compound emissions
- (d)
- Number of gas-fueled engines
- (e)
- Number of artificial lift engines
- (f)
- Number of two-stroke engines
- (g)
- Number of produced water ponds
- (h)
- Total area of produced water ponds
- (i)
- Number of glycol dehydrators
- (j)
- Total dehydrator organic compound emissions
- (k)
- Number of liquid storage tanks
- (l)
- Number of controls on liquid storage tanks
- (m)
- Number of producing oil and gas wells
- (n)
- Total amount of oil, gas, and water production
2.7. Quality Assurance
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Impact of Inversion Conditions on Organic Compound Concentrations
3.2. Spatial Distribution
3.3. Sources of Alkenes in Oil-Producing Areas
3.4. Comparison with Inventoried Emissions
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TNMHC | Alkanes | Alkenes + Acetylene | Aromatics | Alcohols | Carbonyls | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oil production | 25th %ile | 407 | 333 | 31 | 22 | 21 | 17 |
75th %ile | 348 | 512 | 121 | 33 | 33 | 19 | |
Gas production | 25th %ile | 709 | 414 | 276 | 19 | 27 | 20 |
75th %ile | 560 | 489 | 36 | 35 | 33 | 18 | |
Water production | 25th %ile | 523 | 430 | 66 | 28 | 35 | 22 |
75th %ile | 623 | 484 | 107 | 32 | 30 | 18 | |
Producing well ct. | 25th %ile | 511 | 419 | 50 | 42 | 50 | 21 |
75th %ile | 714 | 650 | 26 | 38 | 24 | 18 | |
Producing oil well ct. | 25th %ile | 607 | 561 | 12 | 34 | 21 | 18 |
75th %ile | 679 | 393 | 267 | 19 | 28 | 20 | |
Producing gas well ct. | 25th %ile | 656 | 350 | 276 | 30 | 44 | 18 |
75th %ile | 714 | 650 | 26 | 38 | 24 | 18 | |
Prod. water pond ct. | 25th %ile | 524 | 444 | 50 | 30 | 28 | 20 |
75th %ile | 748 | 685 | 27 | 37 | 23 | 18 | |
Prod. water pond area | 25th %ile | 484 | 394 | 50 | 39 | 42 | 19 |
75th %ile | 748 | 685 | 27 | 37 | 23 | 18 | |
Dehydrator ct. | 25th %ile | 393 | 312 | 52 | 29 | 42 | 17 |
75th %ile | 559 | 517 | 12 | 31 | 20 | 16 | |
Dehydrator VOC emiss. | 25th %ile | 649 | 383 | 234 | 33 | 43 | 19 |
75th %ile | 601 | 559 | 11 | 31 | 21 | 16 | |
Engines ct. | 25th %ile | 451 | 401 | 16 | 34 | 34 | 14 |
75th %ile | 678 | 414 | 242 | 21 | 33 | 21 | |
Engine VOC emiss. | 25th %ile | 419 | 336 | 49 | 34 | 40 | 16 |
75th %ile | 796 | 516 | 246 | 33 | 28 | 23 | |
Gas-fueled engine ct. | 25th %ile | 451 | 401 | 16 | 34 | 34 | 14 |
75th %ile | 678 | 414 | 242 | 21 | 33 | 21 | |
Artificial lift engine ct. | 25th %ile | 620 | 577 | 11 | 32 | 20 | 16 |
75th %ile | 678 | 414 | 242 | 21 | 33 | 21 | |
Two-stroke engine ct. | 25th %ile | 597 | 554 | 11 | 32 | 20 | 17 |
75th %ile | 678 | 414 | 242 | 21 | 33 | 21 | |
Tanks ct. | 25th %ile | 514 | 421 | 50 | 42 | 49 | 21 |
75th %ile | 714 | 650 | 26 | 38 | 24 | 18 | |
Tank emiss. Controls ct. | 25th %ile | 810 | 509 | 273 | 28 | 33 | 22 |
75th %ile | 638 | 574 | 13 | 50 | 41 | 19 |
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Lyman, S.N.; Holmes, M.L.; Tran, H.N.Q.; Tran, T.; O’Neil, T. High Ethylene and Propylene in an Area Dominated by Oil Production. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010001
Lyman SN, Holmes ML, Tran HNQ, Tran T, O’Neil T. High Ethylene and Propylene in an Area Dominated by Oil Production. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleLyman, Seth N., Makenzie L. Holmes, Huy N. Q. Tran, Trang Tran, and Trevor O’Neil. 2021. "High Ethylene and Propylene in an Area Dominated by Oil Production" Atmosphere 12, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010001