Aerosol Optical Properties and Contribution to Differentiate Haze and Haze-Free Weather in Wuhan City
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methodology
2.1. Study Area, Equipment and Data
2.2. Methodology
2.3. Support Vector Machine Algorithm
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Overview of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties
3.2. Seasonal Variation of Aerosol Scattering and Absorption Properties
3.3. SVM Results
- (1)
- For σs > 250 Mm−1 and σab > 75 Mm−1, the aerosols are identified as haze aerosols.
- (2)
- For σs < 250 Mm−1 but σab > 75 Mm−1, the aerosols are also identified as haze aerosols.
- (3)
- For σab < 75 Mm−1 but σs > 250 Mm−1, the aerosols are also identified as haze aerosols.
- (4)
- For σs < 250 Mm−1 and σab < 75 Mm−1, the aerosols are identified as haze-free aerosols. We used this new standard to identify haze aerosols from our database, and the detection accuracy was 81.49%, indicating that the standard was suitable to distinguish between haze and haze-free aerosols in Wuhan City.
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hourly | Counts | Median | Mean | SD | Skewness | Percentiles | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | (50th perc.) | 1 | 10 | 25 | 75 | 99 | |||||
450 | 9366 | 341.55 | 414.67 | 363.97 | 2.92 | 17.53 | 76.12 | 175.50 | 540.15 | 1818.31 | |
(Mm−1) | 550 | 9366 | 258.23 | 322.54 | 299.48 | 3.07 | 12.79 | 54.77 | 127.90 | 417.24 | 1518.65 |
700 | 9366 | 171.35 | 226.68 | 223.79 | 2.80 | 9.00 | 35.65 | 81.95 | 291.08 | 1150.25 | |
450 | 9366 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 14.04 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.16 | |
550 | 9366 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 2.23 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.17 | |
700 | 9366 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.47 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.20 | |
(Mm−1) | 532 | 11537 | 25.42 | 35.06 | 28.03 | 1.78 | 6.92 | 11.18 | 14.94 | 45.72 | 133.66 |
450–700 | 9366 | 1.49 | 1.52 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.74 | 1.08 | 1.28 | 1.76 | 2.26 | |
450–550 | 9366 | 1.41 | 1.39 | 0.29 | −0.28 | 0.71 | 0.99 | 1.21 | 1.60 | 2.00 | |
550–700 | 9366 | 1.52 | 1.62 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.74 | 1.07 | 1.27 | 2.04 | 2.53 | |
450 | 9366 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.06 | −10.51 | 0.51 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.65 | 0.70 | |
550 | 9366 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.05 | −0.93 | 0.49 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.65 | 0.71 | |
700 | 9366 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.05 | −0.01 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.65 | |
532 | 6607 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.08 | −2.59 | 0.52 | 0.80 | 0.87 | 0.93 | 0.97 |
Parameter | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
550 | 550 | 550 | 532 | 450–700 | 550 | 532 | |
Jan | 759.66 (389.39) | 88.10 (36.79) | 0.12 (0.02) | 71.00 (30.16) | 1.14 (0.26) | 0.60 (0.05) | 0.91 (0.03) |
Feb | 395.70 (261.51) | 43.53 (26.48) | 0.11 (0.01) | 29.26 (19.41) | 1.30 (0.31) | 0.62 (0.03) | 0.93 (0.02) |
Mar | 360.27 (145.30) | 41.98 (14.54) | 0.12 (0.01) | 38.95 (18.09) | 1.32 (0.13) | 0.61 (0.03) | 0.92 (0.03) |
Apr | 267.76 (156.21) | 31.40 (16.03) | 0.12 (0.02) | 30.98 (18.70) | 1.69 (0.31) | 0.60 (0.04) | 0.90 (0.07) |
May | 311.63 (172.27) | 34.96 (17.97) | 0.12 (0.02) | 36.66 (23.54) | 1.60 (0.35) | 0.62 (0.05) | 0.90 (0.04) |
Jun | 375.12 (495.23) | 38.64 (47.67) | 0.11 (0.01) | 33.40 (21.60) | 1.64 (0.20) | 0.64 (0.03) | 0.94 (0.02) |
Jul | 129.31 (134.54) | 13.87 (11.56) | 0.12 (0.02) | 20.01 (7.29) | 1.72 (0.31) | 0.61 (0.05) | 0.80 (0.14) |
Aug | 149.92 (131.50) | 16.79 (13.11) | 0.12 (0.04) | 18.73 (9.09) | 1.63 (0.32) | 0.61 (0.09) | 0.82 (0.15) |
Sep | 248.67 (158.79) | 28.16 (15.51) | 0.12 (0.02) | 24.76 (16.74) | 1.51 (0.40) | 0.61 (0.05) | 0.89 (0.05) |
Oct | 444.12 (204.78) | 54.27 (22.33) | 0.12 (0.01) | 31.12 (25.17) | 1.41 (0.14) | 0.60 (0.03) | 0.90 (0.04) |
Nov | 436.73 (413.83) | 52.31 (39.34) | 0.13 (0.02) | 34.12 (33.36) | 1.23 (0.21) | 0.58 (0.05) | 0.87 (0.05) |
Dec | 520.70 (175.93) | 71.42 (19.44) | 0.14 (0.01) | 65.97 (40.30) | 1.24 (0.18) | 0.56 (0.03) | 0.88 (0.03) |
Parameters | Training (Haze-Free/Haze) | Testing (Haze-Free/Haze) | Accuracy |
---|---|---|---|
σs | 150/300 | 220/362 | 85.37% |
b | 150/300 | 220/362 | 69.02% |
σab | 150/300 | 220/362 | 74.53% |
αs | 150/300 | 220/362 | 72.46% |
αab | 150/300 | 220/362 | 62.13% |
g | 150/300 | 220/362 | 62.13% |
ωo | 150/300 | 220/362 | 67.81% |
All | 150/300 | 220/362 | 66.95% |
Haze | Haze-Free | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
σs | 540.21 | 283.70 | 186.96 | 89.36 |
b | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.02 |
σab | 153.27 | 76.66 | 75.34 | 32.32 |
αs | 1.72 | 0.19 | 1.92 | 0.22 |
αab | 1.09 | 0.17 | 1.04 | 0.22 |
g | 0.65 | 0.04 | 0.61 | 0.05 |
ωo | 0.78 | 0.06 | 0.71 | 0.07 |
P | σs | b | σab | αs | αab | g | ωo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
σs | 2.35 × 10−39 | ||||||
b | 1.44 × 10−11 | ||||||
σab | 6.55 × 10−17 | ||||||
αs | 6.54 × 10−10 | ||||||
αab | 1.28 × 10−4 | ||||||
g | 1.44 × 10−11 | ||||||
ωo | 1.09 × 10−11 |
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Share and Cite
Zhang, M.; Liu, J.; Bilal, M.; Zhang, C.; Nazeer, M.; Atique, L.; Han, G.; Gong, W. Aerosol Optical Properties and Contribution to Differentiate Haze and Haze-Free Weather in Wuhan City. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040322
Zhang M, Liu J, Bilal M, Zhang C, Nazeer M, Atique L, Han G, Gong W. Aerosol Optical Properties and Contribution to Differentiate Haze and Haze-Free Weather in Wuhan City. Atmosphere. 2020; 11(4):322. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040322
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Miao, Jing Liu, Muhammad Bilal, Chun Zhang, Majid Nazeer, Luqman Atique, Ge Han, and Wei Gong. 2020. "Aerosol Optical Properties and Contribution to Differentiate Haze and Haze-Free Weather in Wuhan City" Atmosphere 11, no. 4: 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040322