Solar UV Radiation in Saint-Denis, La Réunion and Cape Town, South Africa: 10 years Climatology and Human Exposure Assessment at Altitude
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. UV Instruments
2.1.1. Ground-Based UVR Instrument at Saint-Denis
2.1.2. Ground-based UVR instrument at Cape Town
2.1.3. Field UVR Instrument
2.2. Methods and Statistical Analysis
2.2.1. Climatology Analysis
2.2.2. Trend Analysis
2.2.3. Case Study
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Climatology
3.2. Trend Analysis
3.3. Case Study
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phototype | Characteristics | History of Sunburn | Minimal Dose to Elicit Sunburn (SED) |
---|---|---|---|
I | Ivory white skin, light eyes | Burns easily | 2–3 |
II | White skin, hazel/brown eyes | Burns easily | 2.5–3 |
III | White skin, brown eyes | Burns moderately | 3–5 |
IV | Lightly skin, dark eyes | Burns minimally | 4.5–6 |
V | Moderate brown skin, dark eyes | Rarely Burns | 6–20 |
VI | Strong brown/black skin, dark eyes | Never burns | 6–20 |
Sites | Seasonal Trends (%) | Annual Trend (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DJF | MAM | JJA | SON | |||
Saint-Denis | 20.9°S, 55.5°E, 85 m ASL | +4.5 | +6.3 | +1.7 | +1.9 | +3.7 |
Cape Town | 33.9°S, 18.6°E, 42 m ASL | −5.0 | −5.7 | +1.0 | −4.2 | −3.6 |
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Cadet, J.-M.; Bencherif, H.; du Preez, D.J.; Portafaix, T.; Sultan-Bichat, N.; Belus, M.; Brogniez, C.; Auriol, F.; Metzger, J.-M.; Ncongwane, K.; et al. Solar UV Radiation in Saint-Denis, La Réunion and Cape Town, South Africa: 10 years Climatology and Human Exposure Assessment at Altitude. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100589
Cadet J-M, Bencherif H, du Preez DJ, Portafaix T, Sultan-Bichat N, Belus M, Brogniez C, Auriol F, Metzger J-M, Ncongwane K, et al. Solar UV Radiation in Saint-Denis, La Réunion and Cape Town, South Africa: 10 years Climatology and Human Exposure Assessment at Altitude. Atmosphere. 2019; 10(10):589. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100589
Chicago/Turabian StyleCadet, Jean-Maurice, Hassan Bencherif, David J. du Preez, Thierry Portafaix, Nathalie Sultan-Bichat, Matthias Belus, Colette Brogniez, Frederique Auriol, Jean-Marc Metzger, Katlego Ncongwane, and et al. 2019. "Solar UV Radiation in Saint-Denis, La Réunion and Cape Town, South Africa: 10 years Climatology and Human Exposure Assessment at Altitude" Atmosphere 10, no. 10: 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100589