Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Soybean GmHSP100 Gene Family in Response to Heat and Salt Stresses

Lin, Bowen; Zhang, Xinyuan; Yu, Zhiru; Zhao, Wenjing; Ma, Guanglei; Song, Shuwang; Li, Xiaoming; Zhuang, Yongbin; Zhang, Jinfei; Zhang, Dajian; Chen, Baoyin

doi:10.3390/genes17060608

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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Soybean GmHSP100 Gene Family in Response to Heat and Salt Stresses

by

Bowen Lin

^†,

Xinyuan Zhang

^†,

Zhiru Yu

,

Wenjing Zhao

,

Guanglei Ma

,

Shuwang Song

,

Xiaoming Li

,

Yongbin Zhuang

,

Jinfei Zhang

,

Dajian Zhang

and

Baoyin Chen

^*

National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Genes 2026, 17(6), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes17060608

Submission received: 1 May 2026 / Revised: 18 May 2026 / Accepted: 23 May 2026 / Published: 27 May 2026

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Genetics and Genomics)

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Abstract

Background: Heat shock protein 100 (HSP100) is a key molecular chaperone that maintains intracellular proteostasis and enhances plant tolerance. However, the HSP100 gene family in soybean (Glycine max) has not been systematically characterized. Methods: In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of the GmHSP100 gene family and analyzed their phylogeny, genomic distribution, synteny, protein structures, subcellular localization, promoter cis-elements, and expression patterns under heat and salt stresses via bioinformatics approaches and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation. Results: Thirteen GmHSP100 members were identified, which were classified into CLPB, CLPC and CLPD subfamilies. Segmental and whole-genome duplications primarily drove the expansion of this gene family. All encoded proteins possessed conserved AAA+ ATPase domains, with distinct motifs across subfamilies. Most proteins localized to the cytoplasm, while CLPC and CLPD targeted chloroplasts and GmCLPB4 localized to mitochondria. Promoter analysis identified numerous elements associated with light, hormone and stress responses. Expression profiling showed strong tissue specificity and time-dependent stress-treatment induction. Heat stress triggered rapid and strong upregulation of the GmHSP100s, whereas salt stress salt stress induced their relatively delayed and sustained expression. Conclusion: These findings reveal the evolutionary conservation and diversification of the GmHSP100 gene family in soybean, providing a foundational framework for understanding the functions of GmHSP100 in stress adaptation.

Keywords: Soybean; Heat shock proteins; ClpB protein; Genome-wide analysis; Abiotic stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lin, B.; Zhang, X.; Yu, Z.; Zhao, W.; Ma, G.; Song, S.; Li, X.; Zhuang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, D.; et al. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Soybean GmHSP100 Gene Family in Response to Heat and Salt Stresses. Genes 2026, 17, 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes17060608

AMA Style

Lin B, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zhao W, Ma G, Song S, Li X, Zhuang Y, Zhang J, Zhang D, et al. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Soybean GmHSP100 Gene Family in Response to Heat and Salt Stresses. Genes. 2026; 17(6):608. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes17060608

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin, Bowen, Xinyuan Zhang, Zhiru Yu, Wenjing Zhao, Guanglei Ma, Shuwang Song, Xiaoming Li, Yongbin Zhuang, Jinfei Zhang, Dajian Zhang, and et al. 2026. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Soybean GmHSP100 Gene Family in Response to Heat and Salt Stresses" Genes 17, no. 6: 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes17060608

APA Style

Lin, B., Zhang, X., Yu, Z., Zhao, W., Ma, G., Song, S., Li, X., Zhuang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, D., & Chen, B. (2026). Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Soybean GmHSP100 Gene Family in Response to Heat and Salt Stresses. Genes, 17(6), 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes17060608

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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Soybean GmHSP100 Gene Family in Response to Heat and Salt Stresses

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