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Article

LRRTM4 Terminal Exon Duplicated in Family with Tourette Syndrome, Autism and ADHD

by
Raymond A. Clarke
* and
Valsamma Eapen
Ingham Institute, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2022, 13(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010066
Submission received: 23 October 2021 / Revised: 25 November 2021 / Accepted: 6 December 2021 / Published: 27 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Genetics of Psychiatric Disorders)
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Abstract

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by motor and vocal tics and strong association with autistic deficits, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The genetic overlap between TS and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes those genes that encode the neurexin trans-synaptic connexus (NTSC) inclusive of the presynaptic neurexins (NRXNs) and postsynaptic neuroligins (NLGNs), cerebellin precursors (CBLNs in complex with the glutamate ionotropic receptor deltas (GRIDs)) and the leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins (LRRTMs). In this study, we report the first evidence of a TS and ASD association with yet another NTSC gene family member, namely LRRTM4. Duplication of the terminal exon of LRRTM4 was found in two females with TS from the same family (mother and daughter) in association with autistic traits and ASD.
Keywords: NTSC; gender bias; neurexin; ADHD; OCD; ASD; CNV NTSC; gender bias; neurexin; ADHD; OCD; ASD; CNV

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MDPI and ACS Style

Clarke, R.A.; Eapen, V. LRRTM4 Terminal Exon Duplicated in Family with Tourette Syndrome, Autism and ADHD. Genes 2022, 13, 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010066

AMA Style

Clarke RA, Eapen V. LRRTM4 Terminal Exon Duplicated in Family with Tourette Syndrome, Autism and ADHD. Genes. 2022; 13(1):66. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010066

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clarke, Raymond A., and Valsamma Eapen. 2022. "LRRTM4 Terminal Exon Duplicated in Family with Tourette Syndrome, Autism and ADHD" Genes 13, no. 1: 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010066

APA Style

Clarke, R. A., & Eapen, V. (2022). LRRTM4 Terminal Exon Duplicated in Family with Tourette Syndrome, Autism and ADHD. Genes, 13(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010066

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