Pimozide Suppresses the Growth of Brain Tumors by Targeting STAT3-Mediated Autophagy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. Cell Survival Assay
2.4. Clonogenic Assay
2.5. AnnexinV/FITC Apoptosis Assay
2.6. Western Blot Analysis
2.7. Acridine Orange Staining for Microscopy
2.8. Treatment with 3-Methyladenine
2.9. LC3B Silencing
2.10. shRNA Transfection
2.11. Intracranial Brain Tumor Implantation
2.12. Mice Behavioral Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pimozide Suppresses the Proliferation Of Brain Cancer Cells
3.2. Pimozide Inhibits the Colony Formation in Brain Cancer Cells
3.3. Induction of Apoptosis by Pimozide
3.4. Pimozide Inhibits STAT3 Signaling
3.5. Pimozide Induces Autophagy in Brain Cancer Cells
3.6. Silencing LC3B and Inhibiting Autophagy Abrogates the Apoptotic Effects of Pimozide
3.7. STAT3 Knockdown Potentiates the Autophagic Effects of Pimozide
3.8. Pimozide Suppresses the Growth of Intracranially Implanted Brain Cancer Cells
3.9. Pimozide Treatment Display No Major Side Effects in Mice
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ranjan, A.; Kaushik, I.; Srivastava, S.K. Pimozide Suppresses the Growth of Brain Tumors by Targeting STAT3-Mediated Autophagy. Cells 2020, 9, 2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092141
Ranjan A, Kaushik I, Srivastava SK. Pimozide Suppresses the Growth of Brain Tumors by Targeting STAT3-Mediated Autophagy. Cells. 2020; 9(9):2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092141
Chicago/Turabian StyleRanjan, Alok, Itishree Kaushik, and Sanjay K. Srivastava. 2020. "Pimozide Suppresses the Growth of Brain Tumors by Targeting STAT3-Mediated Autophagy" Cells 9, no. 9: 2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092141