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Review

Necroptosis in Immuno-Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy

by
Jenny Sprooten
1,†,
Pieter De Wijngaert
1,†,
Isaure Vanmeerbeek
1,†,
Shaun Martin
2,
Peter Vangheluwe
2,
Susan Schlenner
3,
Dmitri V. Krysko
4,5,
Jan B. Parys
6,
Geert Bultynck
6,
Peter Vandenabeele
7,8,9 and
Abhishek D. Garg
1,*
1
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
2
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
3
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
4
Department of Human Structure and Repair, Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
5
Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119146, Russia
6
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
7
Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
8
VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
9
Methusalem Program, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this paper.
Cells 2020, 9(8), 1823; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081823
Submission received: 19 June 2020 / Revised: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 / Published: 1 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunology of Cell Death in Cancer Immunotherapy)
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Abstract

Immune-checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have revolutionized oncology and firmly established the subfield of immuno-oncology. Despite this renaissance, a subset of cancer patients remain unresponsive to ICBs due to widespread immuno-resistance. To “break” cancer cell-driven immuno-resistance, researchers have long floated the idea of therapeutically facilitating the immunogenicity of cancer cells by disrupting tumor-associated immuno-tolerance via conventional anticancer therapies. It is well appreciated that anticancer therapies causing immunogenic or inflammatory cell death are best positioned to productively activate anticancer immunity. A large proportion of studies have emphasized the importance of immunogenic apoptosis (i.e., immunogenic cell death or ICD); yet, it has also emerged that necroptosis, a programmed necrotic cell death pathway, can also be immunogenic. Emergence of a proficient immune profile for necroptosis has important implications for cancer because resistance to apoptosis is one of the major hallmarks of tumors. Putative immunogenic or inflammatory characteristics driven by necroptosis can be of great impact in immuno-oncology. However, as is typical for a highly complex and multi-factorial disease like cancer, a clear cause versus consensus relationship on the immunobiology of necroptosis in cancer cells has been tough to establish. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of necroptosis immunobiology with specific focus on immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy.
Keywords: cytokines; interferons; danger signals; damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); dendritic cells; macrophages; T cells; prognostic/predictive biomarkers; patients; immunogenic cell death cytokines; interferons; danger signals; damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); dendritic cells; macrophages; T cells; prognostic/predictive biomarkers; patients; immunogenic cell death
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sprooten, J.; De Wijngaert, P.; Vanmeerbeek, I.; Martin, S.; Vangheluwe, P.; Schlenner, S.; Krysko, D.V.; Parys, J.B.; Bultynck, G.; Vandenabeele, P.; et al. Necroptosis in Immuno-Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020, 9, 1823. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081823

AMA Style

Sprooten J, De Wijngaert P, Vanmeerbeek I, Martin S, Vangheluwe P, Schlenner S, Krysko DV, Parys JB, Bultynck G, Vandenabeele P, et al. Necroptosis in Immuno-Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells. 2020; 9(8):1823. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081823

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sprooten, Jenny, Pieter De Wijngaert, Isaure Vanmeerbeek, Shaun Martin, Peter Vangheluwe, Susan Schlenner, Dmitri V. Krysko, Jan B. Parys, Geert Bultynck, Peter Vandenabeele, and et al. 2020. "Necroptosis in Immuno-Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy" Cells 9, no. 8: 1823. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081823

APA Style

Sprooten, J., De Wijngaert, P., Vanmeerbeek, I., Martin, S., Vangheluwe, P., Schlenner, S., Krysko, D. V., Parys, J. B., Bultynck, G., Vandenabeele, P., & Garg, A. D. (2020). Necroptosis in Immuno-Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells, 9(8), 1823. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081823

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