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Volume 14
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10.3390/cells14050332
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Article

Angiogenic Events Positively Modulated by Complex Magnetic Fields in an In Vitro Endothelial Cell Model

by
Alessia Ricci
1,*,
Amelia Cataldi
1,2,
Marialucia Gallorini
1,
Viviana di Giacomo
1,
Monica Rapino
3,
Natalia Di Pietro
4,5,
Marco Mantarro
6,
Adriano Piattelli
7 and
Susi Zara
1
1
Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
2
Ud’A Techlab, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
3
Unit of Chieti, Genetic Molecular Institute of CNR, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
4
Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
5
Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
6
Independent Researcher, MFI Srl, 00163 Rome, Italy
7
School of Dentistry, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2025, 14(5), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14050332
Submission received: 28 November 2024 / Revised: 19 February 2025 / Accepted: 20 February 2025 / Published: 24 February 2025
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Abstract

The vascular system is primarily responsible for orchestrating the underlying healing processes to achieve tissue regeneration, thus the promotion of angiogenic events could be a useful strategy to repair injured tissues. Among several approaches to stimulate tissue regeneration, non-invasive devices are currently widely diffused. Complex Magnetic Fields (CMFs) are innovative pulsed multifrequency electromagnetic fields used for their promising results in clinical applications, such as diabetic foot treatment or edema resorption. Nevertheless, few papers are available demonstrating the biological mechanisms involved. In this paper, in order to understand CMFs’ capability to promote angiogenic events, Regenerative Tissue Program (RTP) was applied to an in vitro Endothelial Cells (ECs) model. ECs were stimulated with (I) 2 RTP consecutive cycles, (II) with an interval of 8 h (T0 + T8), or (III) 24 h (T0 + T24) from one cycle to another. Results demonstrate that (I) extracellular matrix degradation is promoted through matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 modulation, leading to an increased cell migratory capability; (II) CMFs support EC growth, activating Integrin β1-Erk-Cdk2 pathway and sustaining G1/S transition; (III) vessel morphogenesis is promoted when CMFs are applied. In conclusion, the promising clinical results are supported by in vitro analyses which evidence that main angiogenic events are stimulated by CMFs.
Keywords: endothelial cells; angiogenesis; complex magnetic fields; extracellular matrix remodeling; tissue regeneration; healing processes endothelial cells; angiogenesis; complex magnetic fields; extracellular matrix remodeling; tissue regeneration; healing processes
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MDPI and ACS Style

Ricci, A.; Cataldi, A.; Gallorini, M.; di Giacomo, V.; Rapino, M.; Di Pietro, N.; Mantarro, M.; Piattelli, A.; Zara, S. Angiogenic Events Positively Modulated by Complex Magnetic Fields in an In Vitro Endothelial Cell Model. Cells 2025, 14, 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14050332

AMA Style

Ricci A, Cataldi A, Gallorini M, di Giacomo V, Rapino M, Di Pietro N, Mantarro M, Piattelli A, Zara S. Angiogenic Events Positively Modulated by Complex Magnetic Fields in an In Vitro Endothelial Cell Model. Cells. 2025; 14(5):332. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14050332

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ricci, Alessia, Amelia Cataldi, Marialucia Gallorini, Viviana di Giacomo, Monica Rapino, Natalia Di Pietro, Marco Mantarro, Adriano Piattelli, and Susi Zara. 2025. "Angiogenic Events Positively Modulated by Complex Magnetic Fields in an In Vitro Endothelial Cell Model" Cells 14, no. 5: 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14050332

APA Style

Ricci, A., Cataldi, A., Gallorini, M., di Giacomo, V., Rapino, M., Di Pietro, N., Mantarro, M., Piattelli, A., & Zara, S. (2025). Angiogenic Events Positively Modulated by Complex Magnetic Fields in an In Vitro Endothelial Cell Model. Cells, 14(5), 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14050332

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