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Article

Static Magnetic Field Inhibits Growth of Escherichia coli Colonies via Restriction of Carbon Source Utilization

by
Haodong Li
1,
Runnan Xie
1,
Xiang Xu
1,
Xingru Liao
1,
Jiaxin Guo
1,
Yanwen Fang
2,
Zhicai Fang
2 and
Jirong Huang
1,*
1
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
2
Heye Health Industrial Research Institute, Zhejiang Heye Health Technology, Anji, Huzhou 313300, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2022, 11(5), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050827
Submission received: 25 January 2022 / Revised: 21 February 2022 / Accepted: 21 February 2022 / Published: 27 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Collection Magnetic Fields and Cells)
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Abstract

Magnetobiological effects on growth and virulence have been widely reported in Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, published results are quite varied and sometimes conflicting because the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we reported that the application of 250 mT static magnetic field (SMF) significantly reduces the diameter of E. coli colony-forming units (CFUs) but has no impact on the number of CFUs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the inhibitory effect of SMF is attributed to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) primarily involved in carbon source utilization. Consistently, the addition of glycolate or glyoxylate to the culture media successfully restores the bacterial phenotype in SMF, and knockout mutants lacking glycolate oxidase are no longer sensitive to SMF. These results suggest that SMF treatment results in a decrease in glycolate oxidase activity. In addition, metabolomic assay showed that long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) accumulate while phosphatidylglycerol and middle-chain fatty acids decrease in the SMF-treated bacteria, suggesting that SMF inhibits LCFA degradation. Based on the published evidence together with ours derived from this study, we propose a model showing that free radicals generated by LCFA degradation are the primary target of SMF action, which triggers the bacterial oxidative stress response and ultimately leads to growth inhibition.
Keywords: magnetic field; carbon metabolism; free radicals; glycolate oxidase; long-chain fatty acids; oxidative stress; Escherichia coli magnetic field; carbon metabolism; free radicals; glycolate oxidase; long-chain fatty acids; oxidative stress; Escherichia coli

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, H.; Xie, R.; Xu, X.; Liao, X.; Guo, J.; Fang, Y.; Fang, Z.; Huang, J. Static Magnetic Field Inhibits Growth of Escherichia coli Colonies via Restriction of Carbon Source Utilization. Cells 2022, 11, 827. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050827

AMA Style

Li H, Xie R, Xu X, Liao X, Guo J, Fang Y, Fang Z, Huang J. Static Magnetic Field Inhibits Growth of Escherichia coli Colonies via Restriction of Carbon Source Utilization. Cells. 2022; 11(5):827. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050827

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Haodong, Runnan Xie, Xiang Xu, Xingru Liao, Jiaxin Guo, Yanwen Fang, Zhicai Fang, and Jirong Huang. 2022. "Static Magnetic Field Inhibits Growth of Escherichia coli Colonies via Restriction of Carbon Source Utilization" Cells 11, no. 5: 827. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050827

APA Style

Li, H., Xie, R., Xu, X., Liao, X., Guo, J., Fang, Y., Fang, Z., & Huang, J. (2022). Static Magnetic Field Inhibits Growth of Escherichia coli Colonies via Restriction of Carbon Source Utilization. Cells, 11(5), 827. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11050827

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