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Cells
Volume 11
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10.3390/cells11162526
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Communication

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Does Not Possess Intrinsic Superantigen-like Inflammatory Activity

by
Carola Amormino
1,2,
Valentina Tedeschi
1,
Giorgia Paldino
1,
Stefano Arcieri
3,
Maria Teresa Fiorillo
1,
Alessandro Paiardini
4,
Loretta Tuosto
1,2,* and
Martina Kunkl
1,2
1
Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
2
Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
4
Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2022, 11(16), 2526; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11162526
Submission received: 2 August 2022 / Accepted: 12 August 2022 / Published: 15 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Collection Cellular Immunology and COVID-19)
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Abstract

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare hyperinflammatory disease occurring several weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical similarities between MIS-C and the toxic shock syndrome, together with the preferential expansion of T cells with a T-cell receptor variable β chain (TCRVβ) skewing, suggested a superantigen theory of MIS-C. For instance, recent in silico modelling evidenced the presence of a highly conserved motif within SARS-CoV-2 spike protein similar in structure to the superantigenic fragment of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). However, experimental data on the superantigenic activity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike have not yet been provided. Here, we assessed the superantigenic activity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike by analysing inflammatory cytokine production in both Jurkat cells and the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells stimulated with the SARS-CoV-2 spike or SEB as a control. We found that, unlike SEB, the SARS-CoV-2 spike does not exhibit an intrinsic superantigen-like activity.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 spike; SEB; CD4+ T cells; superantigen; MIS-C SARS-CoV-2 spike; SEB; CD4+ T cells; superantigen; MIS-C

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MDPI and ACS Style

Amormino, C.; Tedeschi, V.; Paldino, G.; Arcieri, S.; Fiorillo, M.T.; Paiardini, A.; Tuosto, L.; Kunkl, M. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Does Not Possess Intrinsic Superantigen-like Inflammatory Activity. Cells 2022, 11, 2526. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11162526

AMA Style

Amormino C, Tedeschi V, Paldino G, Arcieri S, Fiorillo MT, Paiardini A, Tuosto L, Kunkl M. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Does Not Possess Intrinsic Superantigen-like Inflammatory Activity. Cells. 2022; 11(16):2526. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11162526

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amormino, Carola, Valentina Tedeschi, Giorgia Paldino, Stefano Arcieri, Maria Teresa Fiorillo, Alessandro Paiardini, Loretta Tuosto, and Martina Kunkl. 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 Spike Does Not Possess Intrinsic Superantigen-like Inflammatory Activity" Cells 11, no. 16: 2526. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11162526

APA Style

Amormino, C., Tedeschi, V., Paldino, G., Arcieri, S., Fiorillo, M. T., Paiardini, A., Tuosto, L., & Kunkl, M. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 Spike Does Not Possess Intrinsic Superantigen-like Inflammatory Activity. Cells, 11(16), 2526. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11162526

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