Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cell Death, Survival, and Fibrosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Multifunctional Activity and Regulation of TG2
2.1. Crosslinking (Transamidase) Activity
2.2. Deamidation Activity
2.3. GTPase and ATPase Activities
2.4. Isopeptidase Activity
2.5. Adapter/Scaffold Activity (Enhanced Integrin–Fibronectin Interaction)
2.6. Other Functions
3. Regulation of TG2 Expression and Activity
3.1. Regulation of TG2 Expression
3.2. Regulation of TG2 Activity
4. TG2 Functions in Cell Death and Survival
5. TG2 Functions in Fibrosis
6. Conclusions and Prospects
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
ECM | Extracellular matrix |
EGF | Epidermal growth factor |
ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
HD | Huntington’s disease |
IL | Interleukin |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor-κ B |
PD | Parkinson’s disease |
PDI | Protein disulfide isomerase |
RAR | Retinoid acid receptor |
RXR | Retinoid X receptor |
TG2 | Transglutaminase 2 |
TGase | Transglutaminases |
TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-β |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor α |
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Tatsukawa, H.; Hitomi, K. Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cell Death, Survival, and Fibrosis. Cells 2021, 10, 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071842
Tatsukawa H, Hitomi K. Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cell Death, Survival, and Fibrosis. Cells. 2021; 10(7):1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071842
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatsukawa, Hideki, and Kiyotaka Hitomi. 2021. "Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cell Death, Survival, and Fibrosis" Cells 10, no. 7: 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071842