Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Adipose Tissue with Focus on Energy Metabolism
1
Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
2
Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
3
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
4
Department of Foods and Nutrition, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Ryan Mailloux
Cells 2021, 10(6), 1279; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061279
Received: 9 April 2021
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Revised: 12 May 2021
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Accepted: 15 May 2021
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Published: 21 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Biology: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives in Canada)
The endocannabinoid system is involved in a wide range of processes including the control of energy acquisition and expenditure. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are present in the central nervous system but also in peripheral tissues, notably the adipose tissues. The endocannabinoid system interacts with two main hormones regulating appetite, namely leptin and ghrelin. The inhibitory effect of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist rimonabant on fat mass suggested that the endocannabinoid system can also have a peripheral action in addition to its effect on appetite reduction. Thus, several investigations have focused on the peripheral role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of metabolism. The white adipose tissue stores energy as triglycerides while the brown adipose tissue helps to dissipate energy as heat. The endocannabinoid system regulates several functions of the adipose tissues to favor energy accumulation. In this review we will describe the presence of the endocannabinoid system in the adipose tissue. We will survey the role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of white and brown adipose tissue metabolism and how the eCB system participates in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Keywords:
endocannabinoid; white adipose tissue; brown adipose tissue; N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA); 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG); energy metabolism
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Rakotoarivelo, V.; Sihag, J.; Flamand, N. Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Adipose Tissue with Focus on Energy Metabolism. Cells 2021, 10, 1279. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061279
AMA Style
Rakotoarivelo V, Sihag J, Flamand N. Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Adipose Tissue with Focus on Energy Metabolism. Cells. 2021; 10(6):1279. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061279
Chicago/Turabian StyleRakotoarivelo, Volatiana, Jyoti Sihag, and Nicolas Flamand. 2021. "Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Adipose Tissue with Focus on Energy Metabolism" Cells 10, no. 6: 1279. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061279
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