Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Green Pigweed (Amaranthus powellii) with Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides in Ontario Soybean Production
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Preemergence Herbicide Study
3.2. Postemergence Herbicide Study
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Soil Characteristics a (%) | Soybean Information | Date of Herbicide Application | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Texture | Sand | Silt | Clay | OM b | pH | Planting | Emergence | Harvest | PRE c | POST d | |
2019 | Sandy Loam | 62 | 23 | 15 | 2.9 | 7 | 8 June | 15 June | 1 October | 11 June | 3 July |
2020 | Sandy Loam | 55 | 27 | 19 | 3.4 | 7.1 | 27 May | 1 June | 30 October | 28 May | 19 June |
Year | Soybean | Green Pigweed b | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Height (cm) | Development Stage a | Height (cm) | Leaf Number | Density (Plants m−2) | |
2019 | 21 | V2 | 10 | 13 | 134 |
2020 | 32 | V2 | 5 | 6 | 179 |
Herbicide Active Ingredients | Trade Name | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|
Clomazone | Command 360 ME | FMC of Canada Limited, 6755 Mississauga Road, Suite 204, Mississauga, ON, Canada, L5N 7Y2 |
Sulfentrazone | Authority® 480 | |
Pyroxasulfone/sulfentrazone | Focus® | |
Saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p | Integrity® | BASF Canada Inc., 100 Milverton Drive, Mississauga, ON, Canada, L5R 4H1 |
Saflufenacil/imazethapyr | Optill® | |
Imazethapyr | Pursuit® | |
Cloransulam-methyl | FirstRate™ | Corteva Agriscience Canada Company, 215—2nd Street SW, Suite 2450, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2P 1M4 |
Chlorimuron-ethyl | Classic™ | |
Pyroxasulfone/flumioxazin | Fierce® | Valent Canada, Inc., 201–230 Hanlon Creek Blvd., Guelph, ON, Canada, N1C 0A1 |
Flumioxazin | Valtera™ | |
Metribuzin | Sencor® | Bayer CropScience Inc., 160 Quarry Park Boulevard, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2C 3G3 |
Linuron | Lorox® L | Tessenderlo Kerley Inc., 2910 N. 44th Street, Suite 100, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 85018 |
S-metolachlor/metribuzin | Boundary® LQD | Syngenta Canada Inc., 140 Research Lane, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 4Z3 |
Herbicide Name | Trade Name | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|
Cloransulam-methyl ab Chlorimuron-ethyl ab | FirstRate™ Classic™ | Corteva Agriscience Canada Company, 215—2nd Street SW, Suite 2450, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2P 1M4 |
Imazethapyr ab Bentazon | Pursuit® Basagran® Forté | BASF Canada Inc., 100 Milverton Drive, Mississauga, ON, Canada, L5R 4H1 |
Acifluorfen | Ultra Blazer® | UPL NA Inc., 630 Freedom Business Center, Suite 402, King of Prussia, PA, USA, 19406 |
Fomesafen c Glyphosate/fomesafen c | Reflex® FlexstarTM GT | Syngenta Canada Inc., 140 Research Lane, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 4Z3 |
Thifensulfuron-methyl ab | Pinnacle® SG Toss-N-Go® | FMC of Canada Limited, 6755 Mississauga Road, Suite 204, Mississauga, ON, Canada, L5N 7Y2 |
Glyphosate | Roundup WeatherMax® | Bayer CropScience Inc., 160 Quarry Park Boulevard, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2C 3G3 |
Treatment a | Rate (g a.i. ha−1) | Green Pigweed Control (%) | Density c (No. m−2) | Biomass c (g m−2) | Soybean Yield d (t ha−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 WAA b | 4 WAA | 8 WAA | |||||
Non-treated control | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64 a | 208 ab | 3.4 h |
Weed-free control | - | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 4.8 a |
Imazethapyr | 100 | 41 d | 4 f | 0 g | 62 ab | 245 a | 3.5 gh |
Sulfentrazone | 140 | 81 c | 16 ef | 7 fg | 39 a–c | 216 a | 3.7 e–h |
Saflufenacil/imazethapyr | 25 + 75 | 95 a–c | 36 de | 17 e–g | 28 b–d | 209 ab | 3.6 f–h |
Saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p | 25 + 222 | 97 ab | 46 d | 24 ef | 19 c–e | 194 a–c | 3.8 d–h |
Cloransulam-methyl | 35 | 97 ab | 56 cd | 29 e | 40 a–c | 152 a–d | 4.0 c–h |
Clomazone | 846 | 87 bc | 42 d | 29 e | 22 c–e | 170 a–c | 4.1 b–g |
Chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr | 9 + 75 | 95 a–c | 72 bc | 56 d | 20 c–e | 104 b–e | 4.3 a–e |
Linuron | 2160 | 99 a | 77 ab | 68 cd | 11 c–e | 96 c–e | 4.3 a–d |
Imazethapyr + metribuzin | 100 + 542 | 99 a | 78 ab | 73 b–d | 14 c–e | 47 c–e | 4.3 a–d |
Flumioxazin | 108 | 99 a | 84 ab | 78 a–c | 6 de | 40 e | 4.5 a–d |
S-metolachlor/metribuzin | 1620 + 323 | 99 a | 86 ab | 81 a–c | 6 de | 42 e | 4.5 a–c |
Chlorimuron-ethyl + metribuzin | 9 + 412 | 98 a | 87 ab | 85 a–c | 6 de | 26 e | 4.5 a–c |
Pyroxasulfone/sulfentrazone | 150 + 150 | 99 a | 90 ab | 89 ab | 2 de | 23 e | 4.3 a–d |
Flumioxazin + metribuzin | 72 + 413 | 98 a | 92 ab | 90 ab | 3 de | 11 e | 4.7 ab |
Metribuzin | 1120 | 99 a | 94 a | 91 ab | 5 de | 14 e | 4.2 b–f |
Flumioxazin + metribuzin + imazethapyr | 75 + 413 + 77 | 99 a | 95 a | 91 ab | 2 de | 10 e | 4.7 ab |
Pyroxasulfone/flumioxazin | 134 + 106 | 99 a | 96 a | 95 a | 1 e | 19 e | 4.8 a |
Treatment a | Rate (g a.i. ha−1) | Soybean Injury (%) | Green Pigweed Control (%) | Density c (No. m−2) | Biomass c (g m−2) | Soybean Yield d (t ha−1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 WAA b | 2 WAA | 4 WAA | 1 WAA | 2 WAA | 4 WAA | 8 WAA | |||||
Non-treated control | - | 0 b | 0 b | 0 a | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 93 a–c | 404 a | 2.9 ab |
Weed-free control | - | 0 b | 0 b | 0 a | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 4.7 a |
Bentazon | 1080 | 3 b | 2 b | 0 a | 3 g | 0 f | 0 e | 0 d | 86 a–c | 333 ab | 3.2 ab |
Imazethapyr | 100 | 3 b | 1 b | 0 a | 6 g | 4 f | 2 e | 0 d | 116 a | 389 a | 2.8 ab |
Imazethapyr + bentazon | 75 + 840 | 4 b | 2 b | 0 a | 3 g | 0 f | 0 e | 0 d | 101 ab | 355 a | 2.4 b |
Cloransulam-methyl | 18 | 8 b | 4 ab | 1.3 a | 15 f | 11 e | 7 e | 4 d | 115 a | 338 ab | 3.0 ab |
Chlorimuron-ethyl | 9 | 27 ab | 24 ab | 8.6 a | 47 e | 46 d | 26 d | 19 c | 75 a–d | 248 a–c | 3.3 ab |
Acifluorfen | 600 | 13 ab | 13 ab | 2.8 a | 70 cd | 64 c | 37 c | 27 c | 29 c–e | 160 c–e | 3.2 ab |
Fomesafen | 240 | 11 ab | 6 ab | 0 a | 64 d | 62 c | 39 c | 31 c | 47 b–e | 184 b–d | 3.8 ab |
Thifensulfuron-methyl | 6 | 38 a | 36 a | 15 a | 71 c | 79 b | 76 b | 74 b | 12 de | 50 de | 3.4 ab |
Glyphosate/fomesafen | 962 + 238 | 10 ab | 7 ab | 0 a | 93 b | 94 a | 85 ab | 85 ab | 16 de | 16 e | 3.9 ab |
Glyphosate | 900 | 0 b | 0 b | 0 a | 98 a | 84 ab | 94 a | 94 a | 2 e | 0.4 e | 4.6 a |
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Aicklen, I.K.; Soltani, N.; Tardif, F.J.; Robinson, D.E.; Laforest, M.; Sikkema, P.H. Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Green Pigweed (Amaranthus powellii) with Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides in Ontario Soybean Production. Agronomy 2022, 12, 2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092075
Aicklen IK, Soltani N, Tardif FJ, Robinson DE, Laforest M, Sikkema PH. Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Green Pigweed (Amaranthus powellii) with Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides in Ontario Soybean Production. Agronomy. 2022; 12(9):2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092075
Chicago/Turabian StyleAicklen, Isabelle K., Nader Soltani, François J. Tardif, Darren E. Robinson, Martin Laforest, and Peter H. Sikkema. 2022. "Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Green Pigweed (Amaranthus powellii) with Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides in Ontario Soybean Production" Agronomy 12, no. 9: 2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092075
APA StyleAicklen, I. K., Soltani, N., Tardif, F. J., Robinson, D. E., Laforest, M., & Sikkema, P. H. (2022). Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Green Pigweed (Amaranthus powellii) with Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides in Ontario Soybean Production. Agronomy, 12(9), 2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092075