Standing Vegetation Exceeds Soil Microbial Communities in Soil Type Indication: A Procrustes Test of Four Salt-Affected Pastures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site Description
2.2. Sampling Methods and Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
CAM | PUC | ART | ACH | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon Sources | Jun. | Sep. | Jun. | Sep. | Jun. | Sep. | Jun. | Sep. |
D-galactose | 0.1257 | 0.1124 | 0.4986 | 0.2061 | 1.3822 | 0.4314 | 1.7890 | 0.9274 |
L-(+)-Arabinose | 0.1289 | 0.1177 | 0.4453 | 0.2109 | 1.8403 | 0.4919 | 1.8730 | 1.0139 |
Trehalose | 0.1293 | 0.1127 | 0.6485 | 0.2173 | 1.6057 | 0.4111 | 1.5199 | 0.8489 |
D-(−)-Fructose | 0.1459 | 0.1272 | 0.7867 | 0.2322 | 2.7781 | 0.5926 | 2.7487 | 1.3151 |
D-Glucose | 0.1467 | 0.1208 | 0.9347 | 0.2377 | 3.3780 | 0.7120 | 3.1372 | 1.4760 |
DL-Malic acid | 0.5774 | 0.1708 | 0.7527 | 0.3958 | 3.9764 | 0.5171 | 3.0146 | 1.3326 |
Citric acid monohydrate | 0.4407 | 0.1678 | 0.4073 | 0.4666 | 1.8965 | 0.4185 | 1.4027 | 0.7385 |
L-Alanine | 0.2324 | 0.2099 | 0.2952 | 0.2828 | 0.8097 | 0.3591 | 0.9323 | 0.6061 |
Succinic acid | 0.1302 | 0.1182 | 0.6086 | 0.2865 | 1.6200 | 0.4556 | 1.5116 | 0.8497 |
L-Glutamine | 0.1986 | 0.1863 | 0.3473 | 0.2919 | 1.2973 | 0.4514 | 1.1825 | 0.7143 |
L-lysine-monohydrochloride | 0.1682 | 0.1668 | 0.2062 | 0.2686 | 0.5203 | 0.3056 | 0.4748 | 0.3756 |
L-Arginine | 0.0964 | 0.1273 | 0.1054 | 0.2031 | 0.2651 | 0.2899 | 0.3328 | 0.4129 |
L-Leucine | 0.1437 | 0.1471 | 0.1956 | 0.2047 | 0.4626 | 0.2784 | 0.5684 | 0.3908 |
L-Glutamic acid | 0.1652 | 0.1594 | 0.4768 | 0.2795 | 1.1811 | 0.5562 | 1.2450 | 0.8223 |
3.4-Dihydroxi-benzoic acid | 0.1200 | 0.1106 | 0.3484 | 0.5163 | 2.1173 | 0.5310 | 0.6941 | 0.3596 |
Species Name | CAM | PUC | ART | ACH |
---|---|---|---|---|
Achillea setacea W. et K. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.2 |
Agrimonia eupatoria L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 |
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.22 |
Artemisia santonicum L. | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
Bromus commutatus Schrad. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 |
Bromus hordeaceus L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 |
Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 |
Camphorosma annua Pall. | 8.8 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 |
Carduus nutans L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.44 |
Centaurea pannonica (Heuff.) Simk. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 |
Cerastium pumilum Curt. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.02 |
Convolvulus arvensis L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 |
Cruciata pedemontana (Bell.) Ehrend. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.46 |
Dactylis glomerata L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.42 |
Daucus carota L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 |
Elymus repens (L.) Gould | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.22 |
Eryngium campestre L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.84 |
Euphorbia cyparissias L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 |
Festuca pseudovina Hack. ex Wiesb. | 0 | 0 | 7.6 | 37 |
Galium verum L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.82 |
Hieracium caespitosum Dum. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.24 |
Hordeum hystrix Roth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 |
Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.8 |
Leontodon hispidus L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.02 |
Lepidium crassifolium W. et K. | 6.2 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 |
Lepidium draba L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 |
Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) O. Kuntze | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 |
Linum austriacum L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
Lolium perenne L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 |
Lotus corniculatus L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.66 |
Medicago falcata L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 |
Medicago lupulina L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 |
Medicago minima (L.) Grufbg. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 |
Myosotis ramosissima Rochel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 |
Ononis spinosa L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
Plantago lanceolata L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Plantago maritima L. | 0.04 | 0.02 | 15 | 0 |
Poa angustifolia L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 |
Poa bulbosa L. | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0 |
Podospermum canum C.A. Mey. | 0 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
Potentilla argentea L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.02 |
Puccinellia limosa (Schur) Holmbg. | 1.44 | 68 | 1.26 | 0 |
Thymus pannonicus All. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.02 |
Tragopogon dubius Scop. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 |
Trifolium campestre Schreb. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.62 |
Trifolium repens L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Veronica arvensis L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.28 |
Veronica prostrata L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 |
Vicia angustifolia L. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 |
indet. dicotyledonous seedling | 0 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 |
Number of species | 5 | 6 | 7 | 44 |
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Carbon Source | Abbreviation | Concentration (g/1000·cm−3) | |
---|---|---|---|
1. | D-galactose | GAL | 80 |
2. | L-(+)-Arabinose | ARA | 80 |
3. | Trehalose | TRE | 80 |
4. | D-(-)-Fructose | FRU | 80 |
5. | D-Glucose | GLC | 80 |
6. | DL-Malic acid | MAL | 40 |
7. | Citric acid monohydrate | CIT | 40 |
8. | L-Alanine | ALA | 40 |
9. | Succinic acid | SUC | 40 |
10. | L-Glutamine | GLN | 20 |
11. | L-lysine-monohydrochloride | LYS | 40 |
12. | L-Arginine | ARG | 12 |
13. | L-Leucine | LEU | 12 |
14. | L-Glutamic acid | GLU | 12 |
15. | 3,4-Dihydroxi-benzoic acid | DHB | 12 |
Soil Properties | CAM | PUC | ART | ACH |
---|---|---|---|---|
Max. water-holding capacity, m/m% (pF0) | 34.61 | 32.44 | 27.6 | 41.882 |
Bulk density, g/cm3 | 1.466 | 1.3049 | 1.492 | 1.2825 |
Sand % (2–0.05 mm) | 23.87 | 21.127 | 41.64 | 21.554 |
Silt % (0.05–0.002 mm) | 48.44 | 51.49 | 37.23 | 54.298 |
Clay % (0.002 > mm) | 27.69 | 27.383 | 21.13 | 24.148 |
pH (H2O) | 10.36 | 9.4825 | 9.928 | 8.035 |
Electric Conductivity, µS/cm | 1993 | 1148.3 | 1048 | 282 |
Humus content, m/m% | 0.495 | 1.9559 | 1.051 | 2.6681 |
CaCO3, m/m% | 20.18 | 23.018 | 14.69 | 12.35 |
AL-Na, mg/kg | 4779 | 3041 | 1127 | 74 |
Soil Variables | Soil Microbes in June | Soil Microbes in September | Vascular Vegetation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Soil Variables | 0 | 0.402 | 0.363 | 0.210 |
Soil Microbes in June | 0 | 0.292 | 0.613 | |
Soil Microbes in September | 0 | 0.191 | ||
Vascular Vegetation | 0 |
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Csontos, P.; Mucsi, M.; Ragályi, P.; Tamás, J.; Kalapos, T.; Pápay, G.; Mjazovszky, Á.; Penksza, K.; Szili-Kovács, T. Standing Vegetation Exceeds Soil Microbial Communities in Soil Type Indication: A Procrustes Test of Four Salt-Affected Pastures. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1652. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081652
Csontos P, Mucsi M, Ragályi P, Tamás J, Kalapos T, Pápay G, Mjazovszky Á, Penksza K, Szili-Kovács T. Standing Vegetation Exceeds Soil Microbial Communities in Soil Type Indication: A Procrustes Test of Four Salt-Affected Pastures. Agronomy. 2021; 11(8):1652. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081652
Chicago/Turabian StyleCsontos, Péter, Márton Mucsi, Péter Ragályi, Júlia Tamás, Tibor Kalapos, Gergely Pápay, Ákos Mjazovszky, Károly Penksza, and Tibor Szili-Kovács. 2021. "Standing Vegetation Exceeds Soil Microbial Communities in Soil Type Indication: A Procrustes Test of Four Salt-Affected Pastures" Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1652. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081652