The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Seed Collection
2.2. Evaluation of Seed Dormancy Status and Seed Dormancy Release
2.3. General Procedure for Germination Tests
2.4. Impact of Constant Temperatures on Seed Germination
2.5. Impact of Alternating Day/Night Temperatures on Seed Germination
2.6. Effect of Light/Dark on Seed Germination
2.7. Impact of pH on Seed Germination
2.8. Impact of Osmotic and Salt Stress on Germination
2.9. Effect of Burial Depth on Seedling Emergence
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Seed Dormancy Release
3.2. Light/Dark Regimes
3.3. Constant Temperatures
3.4. Alternating Temperatures
3.5. Soil Reaction/pH
3.6. Salinity and Osmotic Potential
3.7. Seedling Emergence
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Clay | Sand | Silt | CaCO3 | OM | pH | EC | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | µS cm−1 | mg kg−1 | ||||||
Borçka | 34.50 | 53.20 | 12.30 | 1.16 | 2.21 | 6.98 | 92.90 | 1.82 |
Ardeşen | 32.00 | 54.00 | 14.00 | 3.54 | 3.94 | 7.02 | 458.50 | 7.26 |
Dernekpazarı | 29.00 | 57.00 | 14.00 | 1.30 | 1.74 | 7.04 | 165.00 | 8.74 |
Location | Lat | Long | Province | Altitude (m) | RH | Tave | Tmax | Tmin | Rainfall | PET |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (°C) | (mm) | ||||||||
Borçka | 41.40 | 41.50 | Artvin | 173 | 61.82 | 12.18 | 18.35 | 11.52 | 1244.01 | 744.66 |
Ardeşen | 41.15 | 41.01 | Rize | 6 | 62.29 | 13.25 | 17.62 | 10.53 | 1620.38 | 720.34 |
Dernekpazarı | 40.91 | 40.28 | Trabzon | 190 | 68.55 | 13.45 | 18.17 | 10.15 | 1947.65 | 750.63 |
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Farooq, S.; Onen, H.; Tad, S.; Ozaslan, C.; Mahmoud, S.F.; Brestic, M.; Zivcak, M.; Skalicky, M.; El-Shehawi, A.M. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061123
Farooq S, Onen H, Tad S, Ozaslan C, Mahmoud SF, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Skalicky M, El-Shehawi AM. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management. Agronomy. 2021; 11(6):1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061123
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarooq, Shahid, Huseyin Onen, Sonnur Tad, Cumali Ozaslan, Samy F. Mahmoud, Marian Brestic, Marek Zivcak, Milan Skalicky, and Ahmed M. El-Shehawi. 2021. "The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management" Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061123
APA StyleFarooq, S., Onen, H., Tad, S., Ozaslan, C., Mahmoud, S. F., Brestic, M., Zivcak, M., Skalicky, M., & El-Shehawi, A. M. (2021). The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management. Agronomy, 11(6), 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061123