Fusarium Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Field Trials
2.2. Inoculum Preparation and Inoculation Procedure
2.3. Fusarium General Resistance and Type I Resistance
2.4. Mycotoxin Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Fusarium General Resistance and Type I Resistance
3.2. Mycotoxin Analysis
3.2.1. Deoxynivalenol, Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol
3.2.2. Nivalenol and Zearalenone
3.2.3. Culmorin, 15-Hydroxyculmorin, 15-Hydroxyculmoron and 5-Hydroxyculmorin
3.2.4. Aurofusarin, Butenolide, Chrysogin and Fusarin C
3.3. ANOVA and Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Deoxynivalenol, Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol
4.2. Nivalenol and Zearalenone
4.3. Culmorin, 15-Hydroxyculmorin, 15-Hydroxyculmoron and 5-Hydroxyculmorin
4.4. Aurofusarin, Butenolide, Chrysogin and Fusarin C
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variety | AUDPC for General | AUDPC for General | AUDPC for Type I | AUDPC for Type I |
---|---|---|---|---|
Resistance Osijek ± SD | Resistance Tovarnik ± SD | Resistance Osijek ± SD | Resistance Tovarnik ± SD | |
El Nino | 137.3 ± 10.75 | 212.5 ± 142.5 | 244 ± 40 | 421 ± 212.5 |
Galloper | 1.3 ± 0 | 17.5 ± 9.5 | 33.1 ± 16.63 | 87.4 ± 25.85 |
Tika Taka | 42.7 ± 11.35 | 69.8 ± 7.25 | 215.3 ± 74.7 | 137.6 ± 41.95 |
Vulkan | 35.8 ± 6.25 | 33.8 ± 5.25 | 119.9 ± 11.35 | 50.6 ± 4.1 |
Kraljica | 71.5 ± 23.5 | 18.3 ± 1.75 | 216.5 ± 80.5 | 80.1 ± 10.4 |
Golubica | 103.8 ± 22.75 | 93 ± 7 | 222.3 ± 29.2 | 111.3 ± 8.3 |
Source of Variation | Df | F-Value | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DON | D3G | 3ADON | NIV | ZEN | CUL | 15-OHCUL | 15-OH Culmoron | 5-OHCUL | AURO | BUT | CHRYS | FUS C | ||
Location | 1 | 3.43 ns | 3.52 ns | 4.93 * | 8.98 ** | 1.46 ns | 0.51 ns | 1.1 ns | 0.42 ns | 3.68 ns | 4.71 ns | 0.17 ns | 0.01 ns | 9.16 ** |
Treatment | 1 | 87.93 *** | 105.19 *** | 54.8 *** | 13.3 ** | 18.07 *** | 63.33 *** | 124.29 *** | 43.92 *** | 84.31 *** | 11.25 *** | 33.95 *** | 98.56 *** | 44.54 *** |
Variety | 5 | 2.14 ns | 2.03 ns | 1.89 ns | 4.62 ** | 1.26 ns | 1.65 ns | 2.13 ns | 1.85 ns | 2.07 ns | 1.12 ns | 1.97 ns | 2.66 ns | 1.03 ns |
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Sunic, K.; Kovac, T.; Loncaric, A.; Babic, J.; Sulyok, M.; Krska, R.; Drezner, G.; Spanic, V. Fusarium Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat. Agronomy 2021, 11, 2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112239
Sunic K, Kovac T, Loncaric A, Babic J, Sulyok M, Krska R, Drezner G, Spanic V. Fusarium Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat. Agronomy. 2021; 11(11):2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112239
Chicago/Turabian StyleSunic, Katarina, Tihomir Kovac, Ante Loncaric, Jurislav Babic, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Georg Drezner, and Valentina Spanic. 2021. "Fusarium Secondary Metabolite Content in Naturally Produced and Artificially Provoked FHB Pressure in Winter Wheat" Agronomy 11, no. 11: 2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112239