Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence Analysis Reveals Differential Response of Photosynthetic Machinery in Melatonin-Treated Oat Plants Exposed to Osmotic Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Growth and Experimental Design
2.2. Determination of Morphological Parameters and Chlorophyll Content
2.3. Stomatal Conductance, Electrolyte Leakage, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Measurements
2.4. Chl-a Fluorescence Measurements
2.5. Estimation of Proline and Expression Analysis of the Genes Involved in Proline Biosynthesis
2.6. Expression Analyses of the Genes Encoding the PSII Core Proteins and ROS-Scavenging Enzymes
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Changes in Oat Plants Subjected to Osmotic Stress
3.2. Melatonin Induces the Expression of Major PSII Genes under Osmotic Stress
3.3. Melatonin Upregulates the Expression of the Major ROS-Scavenging Enzyme Genes in Oat Plants under Osmotic Stress
3.4. Melatonin-Pretreated Plants Were Photosynthetically more Efficient under Osmotic Stress
3.5. Melatonin-Induced Changes in the Biophysical Parameters of PSII as Revealed by the JIP-test Equations
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABS | Absorbance |
APX | Ascorbate peroxidase |
CAT | Catalase |
ET | Electron transport |
FW | Fresh weight |
GR | Glutathione reductase |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
OEC | Oxygen evolving complex |
PDH | Proline dehydrogenase |
PEG | Polyethylene glycol |
PI | Performance index |
PSI | Photosystem I |
PSII | Photosystem II |
RC | Reaction left |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
WW | Well-watered |
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No. | Primer Name | Sequence 5′ to 3′ |
---|---|---|
1 | As-PsbA-F | TCG CTT CTG CAA CTG GAT AAC |
As-PsbA-R | GCA GCG ATG AAG GCG ATA ATA | |
2 | As-PsbD-F | GCC CTT GGT AGA GTT CCT AAA G |
As-PsbD-R | CGA AAT AAG CGC AAG GAA AGA G | |
3 | As-PsbB-F | GCG GGT ACG TTG GGT ATA TTA G |
As-PsbB-R | CAG CAG CGA TAC TAC TGG AAA G | |
4 | As-PsbC-F | AAC GGT TTG GAC TTG AGT AGG |
As-PsbC-R | CTA CGC CAC CCA CAG AAT TTA | |
5 | As-PsbO-F | AGA GAG GCT CGG TGA AAT AGA |
As-PsbO-R | CCA ATC CCA GGG AAC AGT AAA G | |
6 | AsGAPDH-F | GGTGGTGCCAAGAAGGTTAT |
AsGAPDH-R | GGAGACAATGGTGATGTCAGAG | |
7 | As-P5Cs1-F | TGTCCTCTGGGTGTTCTCTTGAT |
As-P5Cs1-R | CGAATGGCTAAAGACGCAATC | |
8 | As-PDH1-F | CCCCGTGGAGCACATCAT |
As-PDH1-R | AAGGTTGAAGCAGAGAGCAATCC | |
9 | As-CAT1-F | CAGGCTGGCGAGAGATTCC |
As-CAT1-R | AGCATCCGTGAGTGCATCAA | |
10 | As-APX-F | GCTCCGTGAAGTAAGTGTTATCAAAC |
As-APX-R | CCTGGGAAGGTGCCACAA | |
11 | As-SOD-F | CACAAGCACTTCACAGGAACAGT |
As-SOD-R | TGCCACTCTGAACATTTCATCAC |
WW | PEG | MW | MPEG | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Root length (cm) | 10.84 ± 1 a | 5.4 ± 0.3 b | 7.4 ± 0.5 c | 6.86 ± 0.4 d |
Shoot length (cm) | 20.36 ± 1.3 a | 9.6 ± 0.5 b | 16.4 ± 0.9 c | 15.08 ± 0.3 d |
F.W. (g) | 0.55 ± 0.04 a | 0.17 ± 0.02 b | 0.37 ± 0.03 c | 0.33 ± 0.09 c |
Chl-A (mg/g dwb) | 5.68 ± 0.2 a | 2.15 ± 0.2 b | 4.69 ± 0.2 c | 4.51 ± 0.1 c |
Chl-B (mg/g dwb) | 6.36 ± 0.5 a | 3.17 ± 0.7 b | 5.09 ± 0.7 c | 4.49 ± 0.9 d |
Total Chl (mg/g dwb) | 12.05 ± 0.5 a | 5.32 ± 0.5 b | 9.78 ± 0.8 c | 9.01 ± 1.0 c |
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Alyammahi, O.; Gururani, M.A. Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence Analysis Reveals Differential Response of Photosynthetic Machinery in Melatonin-Treated Oat Plants Exposed to Osmotic Stress. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1520. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101520
Alyammahi O, Gururani MA. Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence Analysis Reveals Differential Response of Photosynthetic Machinery in Melatonin-Treated Oat Plants Exposed to Osmotic Stress. Agronomy. 2020; 10(10):1520. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101520
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlyammahi, Onoud, and Mayank Anand Gururani. 2020. "Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence Analysis Reveals Differential Response of Photosynthetic Machinery in Melatonin-Treated Oat Plants Exposed to Osmotic Stress" Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1520. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101520