Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Mineral Nutrients of 18 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Cultivars
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Treatments
2.2. Growth Parameters
2.3. Leaf Relative Water Content (RWC), SPAD Value and Foliar Salt Damage
2.4. Photosynthetic Parameters
2.5. Mineral Contents
2.6. Date Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of NaCl Stress on Growth of 18 Pomegranate Cultivars
3.2. Foliar Salt Damage, RWC, and SPAD Value
3.3. Photosynthetic Parameters
3.4. Correlation and Cluster Analysis
3.5. Mineral Nutrients
4. Discussion
4.1. Growth and Physiological Parameters of Pomegranate Cultivars
4.2. Effects of NaCl Stress on Ion Content of Pomegranate Tissues
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cultivar | Root Dry Weight (g) | Stem Dry Weight (g) | Leaf Dry Weight (g) | Root/Shoot Ratio | Total Dry Weight (g) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | ST | CK | ST | CK | ST | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | |
Al-sirin-nar | 1.21 | 1.33 | 5.73 | 4.97 | 8.08 | 7.71 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 19.96 | 15.02 | 14.01 | −6.74 |
Dwarf Moy | 1.04 | 0.84 | 4.61 | 2.99 | 9.77 | 8.39 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 1.99 | 15.42 | 12.22 | −20.74 |
Garnet Sash | 1.62 | 1.02 | 4.96 | 2.52 | 8.42 | 7.13 | 0.12 | 0.11 | −12.76 | 15.00 | 10.67 | −28.86 |
Kandahar | 1.98 | 1.52 | 9.61 | 4.90 | 12.09 | 9.12 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 19.20 | 23.69 | 15.54 | −34.39 * |
Kara Bala Miursal | 1.88 | 1.91 | 6.33 | 4.15 | 9.21 | 8.35 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 26.30 * | 17.43 | 14.42 | −17.28 |
Kara-Kalinskii | 2.69 | 2.08 | 8.49 | 5.72 | 12.50 | 10.29 | 0.13 | 0.13 | −1.04 | 23.68 | 18.09 | −23.59 |
Kazake | 1.61 | 1.01 | 6.55 | 4.20 | 10.01 | 7.98 | 0.10 | 0.08 | −14.53 | 18.17 | 13.19 | −27.40 |
Mollar | 2.42 | 1.61 | 10.14 | 5.90 | 11.80 | 9.16 | 0.11 | 0.11 | −3.41 | 24.37 | 16.66 | −31.64 * |
Pecos | 1.91 | 1.92 | 7.36 | 4.75 | 9.34 | 7.71 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 34.90 ** | 18.61 | 14.38 | −22.74 |
Red Angel | 0.92 | 0.52 | 3.97 | 2.26 | 8.27 | 6.73 | 0.07 | 0.06 | −22.80 | 13.16 | 9.51 | −27.79 |
Salavatski | 1.38 | 1.67 | 6.20 | 5.29 | 8.85 | 7.77 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 38.80 ** | 16.44 | 14.72 | −10.44 |
Sirenevyi | 0.69 | 0.54 | 3.72 | 2.34 | 6.52 | 6.78 | 0.07 | 0.06 | −11.95 | 10.92 | 9.65 | −11.60 |
Sogidavna | 0.90 | 0.83 | 3.91 | 3.57 | 7.82 | 7.16 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.73 | 12.62 | 11.56 | −8.41 |
Surh-Anor | 2.37 | 1.84 | 8.07 | 5.18 | 8.99 | 7.81 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 1.99 | 19.43 | 14.83 | −23.65 |
Sweet | 2.23 | 2.13 | 4.38 | 4.57 | 8.82 | 7.87 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 1.36 | 15.43 | 14.57 | −5.59 |
Sweet Peppermint | 1.19 | 0.98 | 4.47 | 3.34 | 7.27 | 6.92 | 0.10 | 0.10 | −5.51 | 12.93 | 11.24 | −13.08 |
Vkusanyi | 1.38 | 0.81 | 5.33 | 3.84 | 8.08 | 6.65 | 0.10 | 0.08 | −24.91 * | 14.80 | 11.30 | −23.65 |
Wonderful | 1.32 | 1.10 | 6.40 | 3.67 | 9.52 | 7.57 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 18.14 | 17.24 | 12.33 | −28.49 |
Cultivar | Shoot Height (cm) | New Shoot Number | Leaf Area (cm2) | Root Length (cm) | Root Number | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | ST | ∆ (%) | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | |
Al-sirin-nar | 31.80 | 16.20 | −49.06 * | 7.00 | 5.20 | −25.71 | 14.52 | 10.88 | −25.03 | 29.00 | 21.60 | −25.52 * | 18.00 | 17.00 | −5.56 |
Dwarf Moy | 11.00 | 8.30 | −24.55 | 29.80 | 24.80 | −16.78 | 12.67 | 7.23 | −42.91 ** | 23.60 | 19.40 | −17.80 | 23.00 | 16.20 | −29.57 * |
Garnet Sash | 15.80 | 14.00 | −11.39 | 10.60 | 4.80 | −54.72 * | 15.22 | 11.86 | −22.07 | 30.00 | 24.00 | −20.00 | 20.60 | 15.20 | −26.21 * |
Kandahar | 16.60 | 14.40 | −13.25 | 29.40 | 16.40 | −44.22 | 11.92 | 9.11 | −23.53 | 27.00 | 21.80 | −19.26 | 24.40 | 18.80 | −22.95 |
Kara Bala Miursal | 26.80 | 13.60 | −49.25 * | 12.80 | 8.60 | −32.81 | 15.69 | 11.13 | −29.08 | 30.80 | 26.00 | −15.58 | 20.40 | 19.60 | −3.92 |
Kara-Kalinskii | 27.00 | 13.20 | −51.11 * | 21.40 | 16.60 | −22.43 | 14.06 | 10.25 | −27.07 | 27.20 | 22.40 | −17.65 | 34.20 | 30.20 | −11.70 |
Kazake | 25.20 | 10.80 | −57.14 ** | 7.60 | 5.40 | −28.95 | 16.88 | 11.91 | −29.42 | 25.80 | 22.60 | −12.40 | 28.20 | 23.80 | −15.60 |
Mollar | 36.20 | 14.80 | −59.12 ** | 22.60 | 14.60 | −35.40 | 14.40 | 10.39 | −27.87 | 27.00 | 21.20 | −21.48 | 33.60 | 29.40 | −12.50 |
Pecos | 19.00 | 13.20 | −30.53 | 6.80 | 3.20 | −52.94 * | 17.03 | 12.93 | −24.05 | 33.60 | 28.20 | −16.07 | 24.20 | 16.40 | −32.23 * |
Red Angel | 14.00 | 9.40 | −32.86 | 14.60 | 5.20 | −64.38 ** | 16.00 | 9.55 | −40.33 ** | 23.80 | 13.40 | −43.70 ** | 12.00 | 8.60 | −28.33 * |
Salavatski | 18.00 | 16.40 | −8.89 | 6.60 | 4.20 | −36.36 | 14.20 | 9.18 | −35.31 * | 22.40 | 20.80 | −7.14 | 20.40 | 15.40 | −24.51 |
Sirenevyi | 18.80 | 12.80 | −31.91 | 8.40 | 4.40 | −47.62 | 13.19 | 9.18 | −30.43 | 22.60 | 17.80 | −21.24 | 12.00 | 10.80 | −10.00 |
Sogidavna | 15.80 | 12.00 | −24.05 | 12.60 | 6.80 | −46.03 | 13.69 | 9.47 | −30.84 | 17.20 | 14.20 | −17.44 | 16.20 | 9.80 | −39.51 ** |
Surh-Anor | 26.40 | 15.00 | −43.18 | 14.60 | 7.20 | −50.68 * | 11.56 | 8.97 | −22.40 | 29.80 | 24.80 | −16.78 | 24.60 | 19.20 | −21.95 |
Sweet | 18.60 | 17.40 | −6.45 | 13.60 | 5.60 | −58.82 ** | 16.91 | 11.06 | −34.57 * | 26.80 | 25.40 | −5.22 | 26.20 | 19.40 | −25.95 * |
Sweet Peppermint | 24.40 | 15.00 | −38.52 | 6.40 | 2.80 | −56.25 * | 15.33 | 9.92 | −35.33 * | 27.40 | 23.20 | −15.33 | 19.00 | 17.20 | −9.47 |
Vkusanyi | 25.40 | 13.20 | −48.03 * | 7.20 | 3.40 | −52.78 * | 15.57 | 9.96 | −36.08 * | 25.80 | 18.80 | −27.13 * | 17.80 | 13.60 | −23.60 |
Wonderful | 18.80 | 13.60 | −27.66 | 15.40 | 6.80 | −55.84 * | 14.56 | 9.06 | −37.75 * | 21.00 | 17.20 | −18.10 | 20.40 | 15.20 | −25.49 |
Cultivar | Salt Damage (%) | RWC (%) | SPAD | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | ST | ST−CK | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | |
Al-sirin-nar | 0 | 40 | 40 | 81.07 | 78.17 | −3.58 | 54.38 | 55.92 | 2.84 |
Dwarf Moy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83.96 | 71.13 | −15.28 * | 52.68 | 51.93 | −1.43 |
Garnet Sash | 20 | 60 | 40 | 84.88 | 75.57 | −10.97 | 55.50 | 56.57 | 1.94 |
Kandahar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82.85 | 73.29 | −11.54 | 53.92 | 52.55 | −2.53 |
Kara Bala Miursal | 0 | 20 | 20 | 84.76 | 72.97 | −13.91 | 56.18 | 56.13 | −0.10 |
Kara-Kalinskii | 0 | 20 | 20 | 84.01 | 72.17 | −14.09 | 57.51 | 58.03 | 0.92 |
Kazake | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86.05 | 81.64 | −5.12 | 52.41 | 52.77 | 0.70 |
Mollar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80.95 | 73.11 | −9.68 | 56.86 | 53.69 | −5.57 * |
Pecos | 0 | 40 | 40 | 82.31 | 78.56 | −4.56 | 54.33 | 50.80 | −6.50 * |
Red Angel | 0 | 40 | 40 | 80.10 | 78.80 | −1.62 | 59.17 | 58.57 | −1.01 |
Salavatski | 0 | 20 | 20 | 87.16 | 71.41 | −18.07 * | 54.61 | 54.64 | 0.06 |
Sirenevyi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78.90 | 68.80 | −12.80 | 52.05 | 53.18 | 2.17 |
Sogidavna | 0 | 60 | 60 * | 77.86 | 67.89 | −12.81 | 54.19 | 54.53 | 0.63 |
Surh-Anor | 0 | 40 | 40 | 77.57 | 72.98 | −5.92 | 53.68 | 54.23 | 1.02 |
Sweet | 0 | 40 | 40 | 83.94 | 74.35 | −11.42 | 54.09 | 56.11 | 3.75 |
Sweet Peppermint | 0 | 40 | 40 | 79.48 | 72.29 | −9.05 | 56.75 | 58.41 | 2.93 |
Vkusanyi | 20 | 40 | 20 | 81.34 | 75.61 | −7.04 | 55.13 | 55.87 | 1.34 |
Wonderful | 0 | 20 | 20 | 83.45 | 71.32 | −14.54 * | 57.68 | 56.08 | −2.78 |
Cultivar | Pn (CO2 μmol·m−2·s−1) | gs (H2O mmol·m−2·s−1) | Ci (CO2 μmol·mol−1) | E (H2O mmol·m−2·s−1) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | ST | ∆ (%) | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | CK | ST | ∆ (%) | |
Al-sirin-nar | 10.32 | 3.54 | −65.69 ** | 74.40 | 38.30 | −48.52 * | 260.53 | 176.55 | −32.23 | 1.91 | 1.25 | −34.73 * |
Dwarf Moy | 9.67 | 5.62 | −41.89 | 61.80 | 46.00 | −25.57 | 229.36 | 225.44 | −1.71 | 1.66 | 1.35 | −18.42 |
Garnet Sash | 9.62 | 6.29 | −34.64 | 73.70 | 50.00 | −32.16 | 269.93 | 247.13 | −8.44 | 1.84 | 1.46 | −20.74 |
Kandahar | 7.41 | 4.80 | −35.26 | 65.30 | 42.80 | −34.46 | 253.08 | 193.96 | −23.36 | 1.71 | 1.28 | −25.26 |
Kara Bala Miursal | 8.22 | 4.06 | −50.59 | 83.20 | 39.40 | −52.64 * | 278.63 | 264.53 | −5.06 | 1.66 | 1.47 | −11.19 |
Kara-Kalinskii | 8.47 | 3.78 | −55.33 * | 67.70 | 49.20 | −27.33 | 283.43 | 230.74 | −18.59 | 1.58 | 1.50 | −5.16 |
Kazake | 9.40 | 5.62 | −40.25 | 61.70 | 43.10 | −30.15 | 252.53 | 144.66 | −42.72 * | 1.76 | 1.30 | −26.39 |
Mollar | 8.36 | 4.67 | −44.15 | 107.20 | 69.90 | −34.79 | 279.64 | 250.15 | −10.55 | 2.18 | 1.62 | −25.59 |
Pecos | 11.58 | 6.00 | −48.17 | 125.60 | 41.80 | −66.72 ** | 298.39 | 149.01 | −50.06 ** | 2.41 | 1.30 | −45.95 ** |
Red Angel | 8.47 | 5.29 | −37.46 | 120.30 | 40.60 | −66.25 ** | 279.46 | 187.87 | −32.77 | 2.41 | 1.31 | −45.85 ** |
Salavatski | 9.25 | 4.12 | −55.52 * | 69.00 | 37.90 | −45.07 * | 268.70 | 186.37 | −30.64 | 1.88 | 1.30 | −30.84 |
Sirenevyi | 7.64 | 5.11 | −33.14 | 58.80 | 43.80 | −25.51 | 256.72 | 187.95 | −26.79 | 1.67 | 1.31 | −21.36 |
Sogidavna | 7.80 | 5.68 | −27.19 | 61.00 | 45.20 | −25.90 | 274.51 | 135.29 | −50.72 ** | 1.66 | 1.32 | −20.46 |
Surh-Anor | 8.60 | 3.98 | −53.70 * | 90.90 | 44.40 | −51.16 * | 290.33 | 214.90 | −25.98 | 2.05 | 1.31 | −36.168 |
Sweet | 7.24 | 4.74 | −34.53 | 53.50 | 41.00 | −23.36 | 245.44 | 207.72 | −15.37 | 1.66 | 1.42 | −14.59 |
Sweet Peppermint | 9.48 | 6.45 | −32.00 | 117.80 | 45.90 | −61.04 ** | 284.91 | 171.85 | −39.68 * | 2.44 | 1.35 | −44.75 ** |
Vkusanyi | 7.13 | 4.16 | −41.68 | 88.40 | 61.70 | −30.20 | 307.22 | 259.38 | −15.57 | 1.99 | 1.51 | −24.15 |
Wonderful | 11.09 | 6.88 | −37.96 | 84.00 | 44.50 | −47.02 * | 254.16 | 179.77 | −29.27 | 1.95 | 1.33 | −31.57 |
Concentration (mg/g) | P | S | K | Ca | Na | Mg | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cultivar | Group | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf |
Dwarf Moy | CK | 3.32 | 3.60 | 5.47 | 5.13 | 1.60 | 2.67 | 8.73 | 15.00 | 20.40 | 7.80 | 9.73 | 12.67 | 4.00 | 1.87 | 0.20 | 2.33 | 1.60 | 4.07 |
ST | 2.68 | 3.20 | 3.33 | 4.40 | 1.33 | 2.27 | 11.13 | 14.60 | 20.47 | 8.40 | 8.93 | 13.20 | 28.40 | 4.80 | 2.53 | 2.40 | 1.60 | 3.73 | |
∆ (%) | −16.25 | −11.11 | −39.02 * | −14.29 | −16.67 | −15.00 | 27.48 | −2.67 | 0.33 | 7.69 | −8.22 | 4.21 | 610 ** | 157 | 1167 * | 2.86 | 0.00 | −8.20 | |
Kandahar | CK | 2.13 | 2.73 | 4.40 | 4.73 | 1.33 | 2.67 | 10.07 | 13.60 | 16.07 | 10.53 | 9.87 | 13.87 | 6.73 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 3.20 | 1.33 | 3.60 |
ST | 2.60 | 3.00 | 3.87 | 3.60 | 1.40 | 2.27 | 17.33 | 13.40 | 19.80 | 10.07 | 9.60 | 15.80 | 30.40 | 5.33 | 1.40 | 3.20 | 1.40 | 3.58 | |
∆ (%) | 21.87 | 9.76 | −12.12 | −23.94 | 5.00 | −15.00 | 72.19 ** | −1.47 | 23.24 * | −4.43 | −2.70 | 13.94 | 351 * | 471 * | 320 | 0.00 | 5.00 | −0.56 | |
Mollar | CK | 2.73 | 3.20 | 5.47 | 4.47 | 1.60 | 2.80 | 10.93 | 14.53 | 18.07 | 7.27 | 8.80 | 11.67 | 10.47 | 0.67 | 0.73 | 2.73 | 1.60 | 3.47 |
ST | 2.40 | 2.60 | 3.40 | 4.20 | 1.20 | 2.20 | 14.00 | 14.43 | 22.60 | 8.07 | 8.20 | 12.00 | 21.60 | 7.13 | 2.33 | 2.33 | 1.60 | 3.40 | |
∆ (%) | −12.20 | −18.75 | −37.80 * | −5.97 | −25.00 | −21.43 | 28.05 | −0.69 | 25.09* | 11.01 | −6.82 | 2.86 | 106 | 970 ** | 218 | −14.63 | 0.00 | −1.92 | |
Wonderful | CK | 2.67 | 3.13 | 6.40 | 5.00 | 1.80 | 3.73 | 9.80 | 14.53 | 20.02 | 9.73 | 9.53 | 11.40 | 3.93 | 0.80 | 0.27 | 2.27 | 1.40 | 3.40 |
ST | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4.53 | 3.40 | 1.60 | 2.40 | 12.33 | 14.27 | 20.73 | 8.27 | 7.67 | 11.87 | 24.93 | 4.33 | 1.73 | 2.60 | 1.40 | 2.93 | |
∆ (%) | 12.50 | 27.66 | −29.17 | −32.00 * | −11.11 | −35.71 * | 25.85 | −1.83 | 3.56 | −15.07 | −19.58 | 4.09 | 534 ** | 442 * | 550 | 14.71 | 0.00 | −13.73 | |
Pecos | CK | 4.00 | 4.40 | 6.53 | 4.73 | 2.00 | 3.60 | 12.27 | 16.73 | 20.00 | 6.67 | 10.07 | 10.80 | 10.00 | 0.80 | 0.17 | 2.40 | 1.60 | 3.27 |
ST | 3.07 | 3.13 | 2.93 | 4.07 | 1.40 | 2.33 | 13.27 | 14.33 | 17.33 | 6.60 | 9.67 | 10.53 | 23.40 | 5.20 | 3.20 | 2.33 | 1.80 | 2.93 | |
∆ (%) | −23.33 | −28.79 | −55.10 * | −14.08 | −30.00 | −35.19 * | 8.15 | −14.34 | −13.33 | −1.00 | −3.97 | −2.47 | 134 | 550* | 1820 ** | −2.78 | 12.50 | −10.20 | |
Red Angel | CK | 2.93 | 3.00 | 4.33 | 6.40 | 1.47 | 2.73 | 13.87 | 16.33 | 21.60 | 10.20 | 8.27 | 12.47 | 5.53 | 1.07 | 0.53 | 4.13 | 1.13 | 3.40 |
ST | 2.80 | 3.40 | 4.20 | 4.07 | 1.40 | 2.27 | 10.80 | 13.80 | 17.60 | 7.67 | 7.47 | 10.27 | 20.07 | 2.53 | 1.40 | 2.20 | 1.20 | 2.80 | |
∆ (%) | −4.55 | 13.33 | −3.08 | −36.46 * | −4.55 | −17.07 | −22.12 | −15.51 | −18.52 | −24.84 * | −9.68 | −17.65 | 262 | 137 | 162 | −46.77 ** | 5.88 | −17.65 | |
Surh-Anor | CK | 2.87 | 3.53 | 5.07 | 4.67 | 1.67 | 2.80 | 11.80 | 16.60 | 17.67 | 8.13 | 7.73 | 11.87 | 12.00 | 0.67 | 0.33 | 2.87 | 1.40 | 3.67 |
ST | 2.27 | 2.60 | 3.07 | 3.73 | 1.00 | 2.40 | 11.67 | 15.00 | 17.13 | 7.53 | 6.13 | 10.53 | 24.07 | 4.60 | 2.00 | 2.73 | 1.40 | 3.20 | |
∆ (%) | −20.93 | −26.42 | −39.47 * | −20.00 | −40.00 * | −14.29 | −1.13 | −9.64 | −3.02 | −7.38 | −20.69 | −11.24 | 100 | 590 * | 500 | −4.65 | 0.00 | −12.73 | |
Sweet | CK | 2.73 | 3.60 | 6.33 | 6.40 | 1.33 | 2.80 | 12.73 | 16.20 | 21.93 | 8.13 | 8.80 | 12.47 | 5.00 | 1.47 | 0.07 | 3.87 | 1.40 | 3.53 |
ST | 2.93 | 3.07 | 4.87 | 4.00 | 1.40 | 2.87 | 12.93 | 13.67 | 19.27 | 8.67 | 9.40 | 11.00 | 25.40 | 3.67 | 0.87 | 2.53 | 1.40 | 3.47 | |
∆ (%) | 7.32 | 14.72 | −23.16 | −37.50 * | 5.00 | 2.38 | 1.57 | −15.64 | −12.16 | 6.56 | 6.82 | −11.76 | 408 * | 150 | 1200 * | −34.48 ** | 0.00 | −1.89 |
Concentration (μg/g) | Fe | Si | Mn | Zn | Al | Cu | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cultivar | Group | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf |
Dwarf Moy | CK | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.12 | / | / | 0.36 | / | / | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
ST | 0.60 | 0.20 | 0.46 | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.10 | / | / | 0.43 | / | / | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.14 | |
∆ (%) | 23.83 | −3.92 | 90.64 | −1.65 | 137 * | −1.50 | 102 * | 12.60 | 56.41 | −10.85 | / | / | 17.58 | / | / | 260 * | 660 ** | 620 ** | |
Kandahar | CK | 0.32 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.37 | 0.08 | / | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
ST | 0.46 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.03 | / | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.13 | |
∆ (%) | 43.41 * | 5.88 | 460 ** | 12.96 | 3.45 | 20.66 | 213 ** | 134 * | 104* | 18.85 | −20.77 | −54.13 | 5.95 | −56.41 | / | 685 ** | 630 ** | 540 ** | |
Mollar | CK | 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 0.02 | / | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
ST | 0.53 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.02 | / | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.23 | |
∆ (%) | 41.29 * | −4.48 | 147 | 17.85 | 16.44 | 24.54 | 168 ** | 92.29 * | 52.94 | 35.11 | 4.91 | −68.65 | 41.95 | 10.00 | / | 320 * | 640 ** | 1052 ** | |
Wonderful | CK | 0.56 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.18 | / | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.40 | / | / | / | 0.02 | 0.02 |
ST | 0.54 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.20 | / | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.42 | / | / | / | 0.17 | 0.13 | |
∆ (%) | −4.05 | 30.51 | 177 * | 16.35 | / | −17.93 | 114 * | 68.52 | 5.52 | 18.84 | −100 | 299** | 3.98 | / | / | / | 740 ** | 550 ** | |
Pecos | CK | 0.52 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.47 | / | / | / | / | / |
ST | 0.54 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.31 | / | / | / | / | / | |
∆ (%) | 4.65 | 120 ** | 253 * | 0.87 | 193.40 * | 57.08 | −30.65 | 90.42 * | 26.87 | −68.22 | −86.95 | −100 | −34.04 | / | / | / | / | / | |
Red Angel | CK | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.03 | / | 0.31 | 0.02 | / | 0.02 | / | / |
ST | 0.46 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.03 | / | 0.30 | 0.05 | / | 0.02 | / | / | |
∆ (%) | 13.96 | 67.95 * | 63.92 | 4.03 | 120 * | −7.32 | 33.53 | −10.53 | −3.28 | −13.26 | −11.33 | / | −3.25 | 150 ** | / | 11.11 | / | / | |
Surh-Anor | CK | 0.45 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.06 | / | 0.01 | 0.39 | / | / | / | / | 0.02 |
ST | 0.40 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.04 | / | 0.01 | 0.35 | / | / | / | / | 0.05 | |
∆ (%) | −12.65 | 40.70 | 33.78 | 7.12 | 313 ** | −15.94 | −16.94 | 87.29 * | 32.42 | −38.05 | / | −100 | −11.17 | / | / | / | / | 160 | |
Sweet | CK | 0.64 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.47 | / | / | / | / | / |
ST | 0.58 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.40 | / | / | / | / | / | |
∆ (%) | −8.17 | 33.99 | 151 | 25.70 | 22.17 | 37.65 | −2.37 | 38.96 | 37.25 | −41.64 | −100 | −100 | −14.10 | / | / | / | / | / |
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Liu, C.; Zhao, X.; Yan, J.; Yuan, Z.; Gu, M. Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Mineral Nutrients of 18 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Cultivars. Agronomy 2020, 10, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010027
Liu C, Zhao X, Yan J, Yuan Z, Gu M. Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Mineral Nutrients of 18 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Cultivars. Agronomy. 2020; 10(1):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010027
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Cuiyu, Xueqing Zhao, Junxin Yan, Zhaohe Yuan, and Mengmeng Gu. 2020. "Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Mineral Nutrients of 18 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Cultivars" Agronomy 10, no. 1: 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010027
APA StyleLiu, C., Zhao, X., Yan, J., Yuan, Z., & Gu, M. (2020). Effects of Salt Stress on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Mineral Nutrients of 18 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Cultivars. Agronomy, 10(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010027