Synergistic Effect of Strontium Doping and Surfactant Addition in Mesoporous Bioactive Glass for Enhanced Osteogenic Bioactivity and Advanced Bone Regeneration

Chen, Ya-Yi; Ma, Tien-Li; Chang, Pei-Jung; Chiou, Yuh-Jing; Chang, Wei-Min; Weng, Ci-Fen; Chen, Chin-Yi; Chang, Yu-Kang; Lin, Chung-Kwei

doi:10.3390/polym17020187

Open AccessArticle

Synergistic Effect of Strontium Doping and Surfactant Addition in Mesoporous Bioactive Glass for Enhanced Osteogenic Bioactivity and Advanced Bone Regeneration

by

Ya-Yi Chen

^1,2,3,†,

Tien-Li Ma

^4,†

,

Pei-Jung Chang

^3,5,

Yuh-Jing Chiou

^3,6

,

Wei-Min Chang

^3,7

,

Ci-Fen Weng

⁸,

Chin-Yi Chen

^3,8

,

Yu-Kang Chang

^3,9,10,11,* and

Chung-Kwei Lin

^3,4,*

¹

Department of Stomatology, Tung’s Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan

²

Doctoral Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan

³

Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan

⁴

School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan

⁵

Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan

⁶

Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Taiwan

⁷

School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan

⁸

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan

⁹

Department of Medical Research, Tung’s Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan

¹⁰

Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan

¹¹

Department of Nursing, Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan

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^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Polymers 2025, 17(2), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020187

Submission received: 2 December 2024 / Revised: 3 January 2025 / Accepted: 10 January 2025 / Published: 14 January 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Polymer Biomedical Materials in Medicine and Dentistry)

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Abstract

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is an advanced biomaterial widely recognized for its application in bone regenerative engineering. This study synthesized an MBG powder (80 mol% SiO₂, 5 mol% P₂O₅, and 15 mol% CaO) using a facile sol-gel method with the non-ionic surfactant Pluronic^® P123, which acted as a pore-forming agent. MBGs form bioactive surfaces that facilitate HA formation, and the presence of Pluronic^® P123 increases the surface area and promotes HA nucleation. Various percentages of strontium (Sr) doping were examined to improve bioreactivity, biological response, and bone formation, with 3SMBG (3 mol% Sr) showing the highest specific surface area. In vitro biocompatibility tests revealed HA formation on all glass surfaces after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), indicated by sheet-like HA morphologies, the presence of PO₄³⁻ and CO₃²⁻ functional groups, and the amorphous structure along with SrCO₃ crystalline phases corresponding to HA and Sr-HA structures. Sr doping resulted in delayed initial degradation and sustained release of Sr²⁺, achieving over 95% cell viability. Surfactant-induced mesoporous structure and Sr incorporation synergistically enhance osteocyte induction and formation in vitro. These findings suggest that Sr-doped MBG, particularly with P123-assisted Sr/Ca substitution, optimizes the material’s properties for advanced bone regenerative applications.

Keywords: mesoporous bioactive glass; hydroxyapatite; strontium; P123; bone tissue engineering

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, Y.-Y.; Ma, T.-L.; Chang, P.-J.; Chiou, Y.-J.; Chang, W.-M.; Weng, C.-F.; Chen, C.-Y.; Chang, Y.-K.; Lin, C.-K. Synergistic Effect of Strontium Doping and Surfactant Addition in Mesoporous Bioactive Glass for Enhanced Osteogenic Bioactivity and Advanced Bone Regeneration. Polymers 2025, 17, 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020187

AMA Style

Chen Y-Y, Ma T-L, Chang P-J, Chiou Y-J, Chang W-M, Weng C-F, Chen C-Y, Chang Y-K, Lin C-K. Synergistic Effect of Strontium Doping and Surfactant Addition in Mesoporous Bioactive Glass for Enhanced Osteogenic Bioactivity and Advanced Bone Regeneration. Polymers. 2025; 17(2):187. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020187

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Ya-Yi, Tien-Li Ma, Pei-Jung Chang, Yuh-Jing Chiou, Wei-Min Chang, Ci-Fen Weng, Chin-Yi Chen, Yu-Kang Chang, and Chung-Kwei Lin. 2025. "Synergistic Effect of Strontium Doping and Surfactant Addition in Mesoporous Bioactive Glass for Enhanced Osteogenic Bioactivity and Advanced Bone Regeneration" Polymers 17, no. 2: 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020187

APA Style

Chen, Y.-Y., Ma, T.-L., Chang, P.-J., Chiou, Y.-J., Chang, W.-M., Weng, C.-F., Chen, C.-Y., Chang, Y.-K., & Lin, C.-K. (2025). Synergistic Effect of Strontium Doping and Surfactant Addition in Mesoporous Bioactive Glass for Enhanced Osteogenic Bioactivity and Advanced Bone Regeneration. Polymers, 17(2), 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020187

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Synergistic Effect of Strontium Doping and Surfactant Addition in Mesoporous Bioactive Glass for Enhanced Osteogenic Bioactivity and Advanced Bone Regeneration

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