Dynamic Characteristics of Additive Manufacturing Based on Dual Materials of Heterogeneity

This study aims to establish a methodology that integrates experimental measurements with finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the mechanical behavior and dynamic characteristics of soft–hard laminated composites fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM) under dynamic excitation. A hybrid AM technique was employed, using the PolyJet process based on stereolithography (SLA) to fabricate composite beam structures composed of alternating soft and hard materials. Initially, impact tests using a steel ball on cantilever beams made of hard material were conducted to inversely calculate the first natural frequency via time–frequency analysis, thereby identifying Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. For the viscoelastic soft material, tensile and stress relaxation tests were performed to construct a Generalized Maxwell Model, from which the Prony series parameters were derived. Subsequently, symmetric and asymmetric multilayer composite beams were fabricated and subjected to impact testing. The experimental results were compared with FEA simulations to evaluate the accuracy and validity of the identified material parameters of different structural configurations under vibration modes. The research focuses on the time- and frequency-dependent stiffness response of the composite by hard and soft materials and integrating this behavior into structural dynamic simulations. The specific objectives of the study include (1) establishing the Prony series parameters for the soft material integrated with hard material and implementing them in the FE model, (2) validating the accuracy of resonant frequencies and dynamic responses through combined experimental and simulation, (3) analyzing the influence of composite material symmetry and thickness ratio on dynamic modals, and (4) comparing simulation results with experimental measurements to assess the reliability and accuracy of the proposed modeling framework.