A New Phosphorous/Nitrogen-Containing Flame-Retardant Film with High Adhesion for Jute Fiber Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of the Phosphorus Nitrogen Flame-Retardant Monomer (PDHAA)
2.3. Preparation of Phosphorus Nitrogen Flame-Retardant Monomer (PDHAA)
2.4. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Structural Characterization of PDHAA Monomer
3.2. Curing Behavior of UV-Curable Coatings
3.3. Flame Retardancy of the Fiber Composites
3.4. SEM Analysis of Char Morphology
3.5. Thermal Properties of the Fiber Composites
3.6. Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Carbon Residues
3.7. Flame-Retardant Mode of Action of the UV-Curable Coatings
3.8. Mechanical Properties of the FNFs
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | PDHAA (g) | PM-2 (g) | LOI (%) | HBR (mm/min) or Self-Extinguishing Time(s) | UL-94 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FNFs | 21.6 | 14.63 mm/min | No rating | ||
FNFs-1 | 0 | 6 | 26.4 | 65 s | No rating |
FNFs-2 | 2 | 4 | 27.3 | 15 s | No rating |
FNFs-3 | 3 | 3 | 27.5 | 9 s | No rating |
FNFs-4 | 4 | 2 | 27.8 | 4 s | V-0 |
FNFs-5 | 6 | 0 | 28.2 | 0 s | V-0 |
Samples | PHRR (kW/m2) | Av-HRR (kW/m2) | THR (MJ/m2) | TSR (m2/m2) | TSP (m2) | Av-COY (kg/kg) | Av-CO2Y (kg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FNFs | 568.4 | 211.8 | 72.3 | 372.8 | 3.3 | 0.275 | 7.9 |
FNFs-1 | 428.6 | 163.1 | 79.3 | 564.5 | 5.0 | 0.040 | 2.0 |
FNFs-3 | 339.6 | 122.4 | 74.2 | 754.8 | 6.8 | 0.024 | 1.0 |
FNFs-5 | 397.5 | 157.2 | 71.8 | 577.9 | 5.1 | 0.013 | 0.9 |
Sample | Adhesion Level | Tensile Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|
FNFs | 16.60 ± 1.09 | |
FNFs-1 | 2 | 19.16 ± 1.28 |
FNFs-2 | 3 | 26.19 ± 2.35 |
FNFs-3 | 3 | 24.03 ± 0.14 |
FNFs-4 | 4 | 24.85 ± 2.08 |
FNFs-5 | 20.63 ± 1.28 |
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Dou, Y.; Zhong, Z.; Huang, J.; Ju, A.; Yao, W.; Zhang, C.; Guan, D. A New Phosphorous/Nitrogen-Containing Flame-Retardant Film with High Adhesion for Jute Fiber Composites. Polymers 2023, 15, 1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15081920
Dou Y, Zhong Z, Huang J, Ju A, Yao W, Zhang C, Guan D. A New Phosphorous/Nitrogen-Containing Flame-Retardant Film with High Adhesion for Jute Fiber Composites. Polymers. 2023; 15(8):1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15081920
Chicago/Turabian StyleDou, Yanli, Zheng Zhong, Jiaming Huang, Aixun Ju, Weiguo Yao, Chunling Zhang, and Dongbo Guan. 2023. "A New Phosphorous/Nitrogen-Containing Flame-Retardant Film with High Adhesion for Jute Fiber Composites" Polymers 15, no. 8: 1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15081920